In this paper, we are going to be studying the different theories of international relations. This will be accomplished by focusing on those areas that are accepted under the realist perspective, how liberals explain why democracies rarely fight with each other, the way trade can reduce conflict and the conditions that might lead to a reversal of current conditions. Together, these elements will offer insights as to the shifts that are occurring with international relations.
¶ … realist explanations of IR does accept, and which does it reject?
The realist explanations that are accepted in IR are that the world can be inherently chaotic and dangerous. This means that all nations have a responsibility to look out for their own best interests and to be prepared for potential enemies emerging on different fronts. These ideas have become a part of the basic premise of self-defense and it explains why a number of countries will continue to maintain armed forces (in order to achieve these larger objectives). (Dune, 2007)
Moreover, these beliefs are used by nation states to maintain stability and peace for dealing with internal conflicts such as civil wars. The idea is that they have the right to utilize this power to prevent certain groups from causing problems. This creates situations where anyone who is refusing to follow these practices will be held to higher standards. It is at this point when they will abide by the rule of law from the fear of violence and the use of force. (Dune, 2007)
However, IR rejects explanations of realists based upon the fact that the people hold the ultimate power within the nation state. This is because they are consenting to the actions taken by government entities and how it is applied to them. Under this approach, there is a republican democracy established which is supported by a constitution. This defines the most acceptable social norms, standards and laws. These ideas are designed to prevent the government from using its power in the interests of a select few. (Dune, 2007)
How do liberals try to explain why democracies rarely fight with each other, and which do you find most or least plausible?
According to liberals, there are several different reasons why democracies rarely fight with each other. The most notable include: the formation of alliances, international trade and international institutions. The formation of alliances makes it more difficult for nation states to engage in conflict. This is because it increases the power of the weaker members and establishes communication / cooperation between the different states. Over the long-term, this provides a forum for them to work together based upon these common practices and mutual defense agreements. (Dune, 2007)
International trade creates stability between democracies. This is from improved communication among the various countries. At the same time, they have an economic benefit from not engaging in conflict, as it will hurt their ability to maintain peace and an enhanced standard of living. This creates a situation where these nations will work together to address any kind of challenges through discussing their problems in an open format (versus on the battlefield). (Dune, 2007)
International institutions are concentrating on reducing the chance of conflicts from emerging. This is because they are focused on increased cooperation between different states (such as: military, economic, commerce, health, the environment, human rights and investment). These different factors work in conjunction with one another to establish standards for improved cooperation and preventing conflicts from emerging between democracies. (Dune, 2007)
Does trade reduce conflict, or conflict reduce trade, or both and why?
Trade can also reduce conflict. This is from the different countries having an economic interest in the success of one another. Once this takes place, is the point when there will be increased communication between them. To make this model work most effectively, various international institutions must be utilized to deal with any kind of disputes among nations. This will reduce the possibilities of fighting by giving both sides a forum for venting their frustrations and discussing these problems in an open format. (Dune, 2007)
However, conflict could reduce commerce. This is because improved trade creates rivalries among various countries. When this happens, there is the possibility that each nation is gaining an advantage at the expense of others. If left unchecked, these frustrations will lead to wars between various states over control of specific natural resources and trade routes. This is when commerce will decline from increased hostilities. (Dune, 2007)
What conditions might produce a reversal of the 'virtuous circles' that have brought increasing too much of the world?
You’re 82% through this paper. Sign up to read the full paper.
Sign Up Now — Instant Access Already a member? Log inAlways verify citation format against your institution’s current style guide requirements.