Academic paper title rephrase and analysis

¶ … Relationship Development

Some components must exist for any business to succeed. But the, what are the components? Well, many of the components have been put across by many authors and each identified with the importance level, which depends on the relationship stage. For example, Czepiel (1990) looks at the long-term development of relationships like that which comes by the accumulation of satisfying encounters like active participation and trust as the base, and double bond creation in mutual distrust, being psychologically loyal to the partner. The concern shown by Kanter and Corn (1994;7) on the effect of cultural interaction may impose on overall performance of the business activity and wondered whether the underlying conditions like interaction may contribute as a factor. The two writers identified seven factors to this effect and claimed that they were for the success of cross -- culture co- operation. The factors were: relationship, desirability, compatibility in business, non- interference investment, open communication plus mutual respect, business success, time passage and Morgan and Hunt (1994) say that trust and maybe commitment, preserve investment relationship among marketer's through the partners' cooperation and hence classifies them as fundamental aspects in a good relationship. Trust and commitment also support the resistance to the attractive short-term alternatives that can override the long-term benefits of maintaining the existing customers.

The above two lead to results that promote efficiency, productivity and effectiveness. Wilson (1995) came up with the highest number of variables: commitment, trust, cooperation, mutual goals, power imbalance performance satisfaction, comparison level of the alternative, adaptation, non-retrievable investments, shared technology, summative construct, structural and social bonds. Although he listed the variables, he further suggests that "Given situational factors, one might sum or subtract from the list to capture the situation of the relationship (1995: 337). Apart from the above studies, other research like Juttner and Wehrli (1994), Dion et al. (1995), Moller and Wilson (1995), Dawar et al. (1996), Holm et al. (1996), Selnes (1998), Ali and Birley (1998), Lin and Germain (1998), Arias (1998), and Zhu et al. (2005).has shown that five significant factors to the development of cross-cultural business relationship are cultural empathy, experience, satisfaction, commitment, and communication. (Conway and Swift, 2000). Together with other studies, a list having six variables has been sieved to contain key factors on cross-cultural development.

In trying to make it a simple process by avoiding dissolution in the relationship, Scanzoni (1997) suggested three involvement stages; that is, exploration, expansion and commitment. Hakansson (1982:15), refers to the two stages as "Episode" and " Adaptations and Institutionalization" respectively, whereby in the first, companies exchange products, information e.t.c while the latter involves development of relationship and mutual expectations. For these to from part of the way of operating they are institutionalized at the end of every thing.

Looking at the permutations of relation development in business may have very little significance as with the summary of Hallen and Wiedersheim-Paul (1984) which may be considered to be the best since they deal with the four stages; pre-contact, initial interaction, development and maturity.

Pre-contact

Since the related parties have been apart, the perception on their sides rely much on second hand appreciations of the whole nation, hence the initiation of cultural affinity as a starting variable. In consistency with the previous work by Inglehart (1991) secondary information can provide the basis of determining the level of trust, which can impact significantly on the subsequent relationship. The existence of a positive attitude at this stage towards other culture can work as mitigation towards trust development. Communication is an important factor since its acts as the link between the variables and the stages. Information of feedback is critical as it enhances the positive aspects of the relationship at each and every level. Conway and Swift (2000:1406) say that development of" cultural awareness and empathy or affinity within the organization & #8230;" with due respect to partners since they are the of fundamental role of this stage so that there are minimal chances of any other variable coming in between, hence the remainder takes effect after just making contact.

Initial Interaction

Prior to carrying out any critical steps the prospective partners must first have a meeting or a chain of meetings, which can be said to be initial interaction. This stage is similar to 'exploration' as referred to by some authors and goes on for a period of one month, or even a year or more dependent on the frequency of the contacts made.