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In utilitarianism, the focus is on outcomes, or the ends of an action; in deontology the actions themselves must be ethical and moral, or the outcome is moot. Deontology argues that there are norms and truths that are universal for all humans; actions then have a predisposition to right or wrong, moral or immoral. Kant believed that humans should act, at all times, as if their individual actions would have consequences for all of society. Morality, then, is based on rational thought and is the direction most humans innately want. Roughly, deontology is "the means justify the ends" (Kamm).
Thus, one must ask first if the definition of human life begins at conception, and if those groupings of cells constitute legal and moral protections. Then, depending on the answer, one must decide; do the tremendous benefits already proven by science constitute a reason to continue research -- the alleviation of pain and suffering for millions of clearly viable human individuals vs. The philosophical debate on cellular humanism?
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Works Cited
Beauchaine, J. "The Next Frontier of the Stem Cell Debate." 17 June 2009. The Village Voice. December 2010
Espo, D. "Senate Approves Embryonic Stem Cell Bill." 13 April 2007. The Washington Post. December 2010 <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/13/AR2007041300347.html>.
Haydn, P. The Philosophy of Human Rights. New York: Paragon Press, 2001.
"International Consortium of Stem Cells, Ethics and Law." March 2010. The Hinxton Group. December 2010 <http://www.hinxtongroup.org/>.
Mohapatra, S. "Bush Administration Was 'Backward Looking'." 12 February 2009. HindustranTimes. December 2010 <http://www.hindustantimes.com/Bush-administration-was-backward-looking-Blackburn/Article1-378102.aspx>.
"NIH Publishes Final Guidelines for Stem Cell research." 23 August 2000. National Institutes of Health. December 2010 <http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug2000/od-23.htm>.
"On Embryonic Stem Cell Research." June 2008. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. December 2010 <http://www.usccb.org/prolife/issues/bioethic/bishopsESCRstmt.pdf>.
"Resolution on Human Embryonic and Stem Cell Research." June 1999. Southern Baptist Convention. December 2010 <http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/amResolution.asp?ID=620>.
"Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration and Joint Repair." 26 March 2006. Science Daily. November 2010 <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/03/060329083653.htm>.
"Stem-Cell Controversy." 2005. Nation Master. November 2010
"The Political Science of Stem Cells." March 2008. The Coalition of Americans for Research Ethics. December 2010 <http://www.stemcellresearch.org/polisci/index.html>.
"U.S. Company Says Grows Embryo-Safe Stem Cells." 22 June 2007. Reuters. November 2010
Stem Cell Research Should Have More Government Funding The topic argument "Stem cell research government funding." For paper, construct argument defending a claim policy. Remember argument based a claim policy, writer seeks solve a problem establish a problem exists, part argument entail claims fact Stem cell research should have more government funding A stem cell can be defined as type of cell that can be found in many body tissues. Stem cells can
but, Cuomo continued, Bush's position "…remains a minority view" (Hurlbut, 822). Christine Todd Whitman, who served Bush as administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in Bush's first term (she served from January 2001 to May 2003), and was the first female governor of New Jersey, supported embryonic stem cell research. Whitman noted in her book that right after Bush was re-elected in 2004, Christian conservative organizer Phil Burress was heard
There are some embryos who are outside of this environment, and will not grow to be people, and are therefore suitable to use in stem cell research. There is a degree of moral ambiguity related to the debate of stem cell research -- based on the conception of when life actually begins. The acknowledgement of this aspect of the debate is acknowledged on both sides, and is a point of
Stem Cell Ethics Debating the Ethics of Stem Cells The term 'stem cells' can mean different things to different people. For some, it conjures images of medical miracles providing solutions for heart disease, diabetes, and dementia. For others, it terrifies with a future filled with cloned humans. Still others cringe at the thought of mass producing cultured human embryos for the sole purpose of providing organs and tissues for a paying public.
The media might present an issue as fact without verifying its truth via the appropriate channels, while the public in turn is eager to accept as fact what is presented to them, as this is much more simple than researching the issues themselves, or even simply verifying the truth of a stated fact. Furthermore, the authors hold that simply educating the public regarding issues of scientific controversy is far
In this sense technology turns human life into just another product that can be created in a laboratory and which has no intrinsic or deeper religious value or meaning. As John Paul II stated during a visit to America, "A free and virtuous society, which America aspires to be, must reject practices that devalue and violate human life at any stage from conception until natural death" (Dart, 2001, p.