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Terrorism Annotated Bibliography
Gardner, K.L. (2007). Fighting terrorism the FATF way. Global Governance: a Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations. (13:3). 325-45. FATF, or Financial Task Force, is considered a successful organization in terms of investigating how global terrorism is funded. Without financial backing, the complexities required that go into terrorism attacks would not be possible. Kathryn Gardner argues that other aspects of investigation into potential terrorist organization could benefit from duplicating the FATF model. The three factors Gardner identifies that are most pertinent to these investigations are: coordination, flexibility, and commitment by the government.
Identification of terrorist threats and fighting global terror must be a joint effort. Only through coordinated efforts on the part of law enforcement agencies can terrorism be properly tracked and the threats evaluated. Although differing scholars have not decided upon a universal protocol for conduct, what they do all concur with is the idea that terrorist cells are interconnected. It is very rare to have a terrorist action performed by a single individual or a small unit, as in the Oklahoma City Bombings. Organizations can be widespread, too far for a single group to monitor. The only way to fight is to work together as a cohesive team.
Jenkins, P. (2003). Images of Terror: What we Can and Can't Know about Terrorism. Walter de
Gruyter, Inc.: Hawthorne, NY. The purpose of Jenkins's work is to explain many of the modern issues related to terrorism, particularly in explaining post-9/11 legal protocol and how the government determines potential threats as serious and which they classify as unlikely. One of the most important aspects of this text is identifying what those who fight against terrorism can and cannot know regarding the ongoing war on terror. While the government has means by which to ascertain information, there are some organizations...
There are other real limitations which will make it impossible to eliminate all terrorist actions throughout the world. Jenkins posits that it is only through true understanding can we enact change.
Jenkins books discusses many aspects of terrorism which can help people understand something that many laypeople cannot comprehend, the attitude of the enemy that any death is acceptable, even their own. Terrorism is a complicated issue and there are many aspects which have to be broken down and explained in order for the totality to be understood. Of particular interest to the issue of potential future terrorist threats is the concept of false flag, which is where Americans might discredit genuine terrorist threats, instead blaming the government for carrying them out. These assertions of false flags were prevalent in the Boston Bombing of 2013 for example. There is a faction of Americans who still assert that 9/11 was a false flag event and that Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda were scapegoats for actions performed by the American government. The false flag theory impedes government action because it makes it harder to convince the citizenry of threats and indicates the increasing distrust in the government, which in turn makes it easier for terrorist organizations to target and severely damage the country.
Nacos, B.L. (2003). The terrorist calculus behind 9-11: a model for future terrorism? Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. (26.1). 1-16. The September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks were the most horrific attacks on American soil in recent history. Arguably, they could be considered the worst attacks in the nation's entire history. The Middle East had been a hotbed for terrorist organization for decades, but it was not believed that these factions could do any horrific or meaningful damage because of preconceived notions of their organization. Although…
In order to find ways to combat terrorism in the future, there should be increased focus on research into currently functioning organizations, how they communicate, and how they can access dangerous technologies. In this day and age, the world is changing rapidly and while we can learn about our own country's mistakes from past terrorist attacks, there is little else that can be gained in terms of combating terrorism or in predicting future attacks. By taking Ranstorp's suggestions seriously, emphasis can be placed on identification and proper research methodologies, thereby performing efficient work into prevention.
Sinclair, S.J. & LoCicero, A. (2007). Fearing future terrorism: development, validation, and psychometric testing of the terrorism catastrophizing scale (TCS). Traumatology. Sage. (13: 4). 75-90. Samuel Sinclair and Alice LoCicero, in this study, have devised a scale by which potential psychological damage to terrorism can be measured. This is an important aspect of terror management theory (TMT). Terrorism, by the very definition of the word, are acts which are designed to inflict terror and therefore their psychological results are important components of their success. The scale measures these threats based upon three criteria, rumination, magnification, and helplessness.
Although the test is designed to test the individual and how they respond to terrorism, it can be applied to a national scale. The more likely that a group is to psychologically break down in the threat of terrorist action, the more important it is to prevent action because the group will be more likely to be attacked. If a terrorist organization knows one country's population will be psychologically decimated, then it makes sense that they will devote their resources to harming that group instead of going after a more resilient population.
Terrorism refers to threats, violence, bombings, etc. Terrorism is known to have a long history, but even today, the reason behind this terror by the super powers and the government remains explicit. The acts of terror are very common these days and could be found in current political and social environment. A part of terror is still confused when it is applied in the actual present world (Robb, 2007). Where the
Terrorism The term "terrorism" is profoundly political, as can be seen by the numerous definitions of terrorism and the lack of a globally-agreed description. The myriad definitions show nations struggling to define "terrorism" in self-serving ways. Efforts to clarify and unify those definitions vary from legalistic to nearly bombastic. After listing many definitions from different nations and from within the United States, itself, this paper examines a legalistic attempt to lay
Terrorism Influences Terrorism has no specific definition and its definition largely depends upon the viewpoint of an individual for example Samuel Adams (a well-known revolutionary fireband) or Thomas Gefferson would have been terrorist from British perspective but they have been Great heroes from American perspective. Take the case of George Washington who was previously fighting with British army against French and was loyalist of British crown but later on he sought
Global Jihad, a Myth or Reality The Jihad is often associated with a certain Muslim fight against the unfaithful, one that has been going on for decades now and which is unlikely to stop in coming years. However, despite this sustainable development of the notion and everything it entangles, it cannot be stated without a doubt that this is an obvious reality. This assumption is made based on the fact that
Terrorism is at this point one of the main threats that decision makers in the field of national security have to deal with especially in the United States. The issue has been raised mainly after the events from 9/11 2001, but have been a constant concern for the law enforcement agencies since the beginning of the 90s and even before. The United States have a particular way in which it
They are bombarded with information concerning the crimes performed by a certain community and they come to believe that it is important for them to act the respective community regardless of the aftermath. Women terrorists practically act against the generally accepted belief that women are non-violent. The reality is that many women become terrorists and governments need to take this concept into consideration in order to be able to effectively