The attractiveness presented by tourism can also not be overestimated for the countries whose climate, geography, and/or history seem to provide an exploitation-ready endogenous product. The potential of post-colonial ideologies to erode the potential gains from tourism are however high should room for such ideology be given. The apparent contributed success that the industry has earned should be appreciated and the notions of colonialism should not be imposed especially so for country that deserve the growth and stand to benefit from tourism. What needs to be done is management of the flow and policy brought about.

[510 words u.f.t.q.]

Question 4: Select two of the critical issues / matters listed below, and explain what has been learnt about it over the last couple of decades - according to the J&R contributors and/or the University of Bedfordshire lecturers: * Community-based tourism; * Rural tourism; * Security and tourism; * Product Recognition in / for tourism; * Ethical Responsibilities and tourism; * Fantasy and tourism; * Staged authenticity in tourism

Land productivity is independent from local tourism which both stands out as economic activities. Local tourism stands out as an alternative to sustain the need of a community. It is thus clear that tourism gives a change to a locality to exploit their territorial geography resources without altering the rural sustainable resource. Proper management will bring economically substantial prosperity to the recipient community. Local tourism in this aspect is distinguished from other economic activities that can be undertaken by a community. While it opens the community to a new form of exploitation, it adds cultural value to it also.

Introduction of tourism into the rural and isolated area has a profound bearing on the social organization and decision making process. The local regional heights of tourism confrontation planning process are the combination of convergence and divergence. The accelerating process of globalization which is shown through proliferation of traditional brands and through intervened culture in the globe all account for convergence.

It also seen that mobility of human beings has increased even to the remotest places as far as tourism is concerned. This account is because of exploration in many countries for indigenous attributes of a location. This exploration has a greater impact on local human beings and resources further extended to development planning to accommodate them. Demand for Training programs to manage and...

Recently greater importance has been attached to the models of planning and this has in effect gained acceptance. They came out as a result of engagements with those reaping benefits and those attempting to explore the sites. Some challenges have been identified by Jamal and Getz, 1999()
, which are related to statewide tourism planning undertakings. Some of the proposals to resolve the planning are related to the early preparedness and selling of location plus ensuring that the local content is not diluted.

Concerned about the dilution of content and culture integrated models of selling the culture and reinforcing them have been practiced. This is be ensuring that community members do not sell off their culture in exchange of foreign ones.

The earlier models of community-based tourism are believed to have developed in North America. Approach to planning community-based tourism emphasized the human dimension over time and the advocates of this approach cannot ignore the experiences of the developing countries. Key elements of this experience were the critical role indigenous communities and interaction between the cultures of the major tourist generating countries and the receipts of mass tourism. It is understood that a large among of tourism planning activities takes place in the urban areas or areas regional located away from the populous.

[455 words u.f.t.q.]