Twin stars and their astronomical properties

Twin Stars

Twins - Typically a word indicating the production of two offspring from the same source of origin, mostly referred during reproductive results.

Science Express -- A science publication that electronically publishes selected articles prior to the articles' appearance in print.

Matthew Turk and Tom Abel -- Turk was a former astrophysics graduate student of the Kavli Institute, and currently studying at a post-doctoral fellowship at UC San Diego. Abel is an associate professor at KIPAC's physics department, with research interests in cosmological and astrophysical systems.

Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology -- Known usually as KIPAC and is a laboratory independent of Stanford University, funded by Stanford University, the U.S. Department of Energy, and initiated through the grant from the Kavli Foundation.

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory -- SLAC boasts a multipurpose laboratory dedicated to astrophysics, photon science, accelerator and particle physics research, with the longest linear accelerator in the world.

6. Brian O'Shea -- O'Shea is an assistant professor at Michigan State University in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. His research includes galaxy clusters, Population III stars, and galactic chemical evolution, and their cosmological structure formation.

7. primordial gas -- A ring of gas believed to date as far back as soon after the Big Bang, left over from the early universe.

8. dark matter -- Matter in the universe undetected through use of light -- "invisible" matter indirectly inferred --, which takes up 25% of the universe.

8. Big Bang -- Cosmological theory of the universe's early development. The theory dictates that the universe expanded rapidly from a single, extremely hot and dense origin. The beginning of the Big Bang can be measured to as far back as 13.7 billion years ago.

9. cosmic microwave background -- The light radiation that has been left over after photons decoupled from matter a mere 300,000 years after the Big Bang.

10. data-intensive simulations -- Series of high performance analysis, simulation, and modeling technologies that address data-driven complexities of various science-related researches; cosmological research being one of them.

11. Population III stars -- Also known as "metal-free stars" or "hyperstars," believed to be a population of highly hot and massive stars with no surface metals, save for those formed in the Big Bang. The stars were said to have formed during in the early universe.

12. "twin" stars -- Binary star system that consists of two stars orbiting a common center of mass. The twins usually comprise of the brighter, primary star and the secondary star.

13. mass equivalent to about 10 suns -- The sun's mass is about 330,000 times Earth, at about 2 x 1030 kilograms. Ten suns would total up to a mass of 2 x 1031 kilograms.