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It is also possible that voters could change their attitudes after having completed the questionnaire. This could affect the validity of the results for the experimental group. To handle this eventuality, several questionnaires can be delivered over time for the whole group before the experimental group is selected. A mean can then be determined to most accurately divide the group into a similar experimental and control group.
After the experimental group is determined, negative advertisements can be displayed. In order increase the validity of this experiment, a number of survey questionnaires over time can also be delivered in order to minimize non-visible influences such as an extreme reaction to a particular person in a particular advertisement. At the same time, the same number of questionnaires can be delivered to the control group.
A mean of all the questionnaires over the determined time can then provide relatively...
This limitation can be minimized by ensuring the selected voters of their anonymity. No names or political affiliations should be required on the questionnaires, with participants known only by their participation in the experimental or control groups.
The results of such research are important in terms of determining political campaigns for the future. If voter turnout is indeed lower because of the negative advertising, politicians should therefore engage in different tactics to encourage voter turnout. On the other hand, it is also important to engage in several research studies for each question, as unknown factors could determine voter opinion and turnout.
Finally, internal consistency reliability looks at items in the same test, to see if they measure the same construct in the same way (Cherry, 2011, Reliability). However, all of these measures of reliability are useless if a test does not measure what it purports to measure. Validity looks at whether a test measures what it claims to measure. Only valid tests can be used to be accurately applied or interpreted
This may occur when populations show wide variations in their responses to particular hypotheses, which are in violation of the expected response. Construct validity may be compromised when alternative correspondences are achieved between a construct and an unexpected concept found within the actual environment being studied. In other words, when the construct does not correspond with the original hypothesis, its validity would be compromised. In cloud computing and determining inside threats,
Adult Learning Assessment Adult learners comprise one of the fastest-growing segments of students today, and adult learners typically have needs that differentiate them from the younger learner. There is already much scholarship devoted to how the adult student learns new information. This understanding of the different learning styles has been taken into consideration in the design of courses and curricula for adult learners. However, teaching tools are only part of the equation.
Validity When conducting a research study, the researcher needs to pay particular attention to the reliability and validity of his or her research instruments. These concepts form the basis of the academic acceptability and even excellence in a study. Hence, any researcher should be concerned with maximizing especially the validity of his or her work. In addition to internal consistency, various forms of validity can be identified, including face validity, content
Reliability & Validity For the lay person, the notion of personality is often derived from components of an individual's character or make up that has the ability to elicit positive or negative reactions from other individuals. The person who has a propensity for positive reactions from others is often thought to have a 'good' personality. Conversely, the person who tends to elicit not so favorable reactions from others may be thought
Reliability of Test Reliability is defined by Joppe (2002,p.1) as the level of consistency of the obtained results over a period of time as well as an accurate representation of the population under study. If the outcome of the study can be reproduced using a similar methodology then the instrument used in the research are said to be reliable. It is worth noticing that there is an element of replicability as well