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These are major selling points in an era characterized by skyrocketing energy costs, of course, but the authors point out that there are other advantages that accrue to the use of these natural ventilation techniques as well. People are naturally attuned to their environment and despite having worked in buildings with closed ventilation systems in the past, studies indicate that humans are more comfortable when there are minor fluctuations in the ambient temperate that reflect the corresponding weather outside, and natural ventilation restores this natural balance.
There are a number of factors to be considered when designed buildings to take maximum advantage of natural ventilation resources, though, particularly when these natural ventilation techniques are used in combination with solar energy considerations, including the prevailing wind direction and speed, typical levels of humidity, positioning of the building and its contents in relationship to the sun, window placement, and so forth....
By taking advantage of whatever is available at a given building site, engineers and architects can help create a building that helps people become more productive while reducing initial building costs and providing enormous long-term savings in mechanical heating and ventilation systems. Indeed, the authors of "Natural Ventilation" emphasize that cost savings of between 50 and 100% can be achieved, and in some cases, air conditioning systems can be eliminated altogether.
All in all, the authors make a compelling case for using natural ventilation in buildings today. They cite a number of reasons to support their position, including reduced first costs and more importantly, significantly reduced operational costs throughout the building's existence. In the final analysis, natural ventilation appears to be an easy sell in today's energy-conscious environment, and it is reasonable to suggest that there are going to be more buildings that feature natural ventilations systems in the future.
International style of architecture was a major style that emerged, and rose in popularity, in the 1920s and 1930s. The term "International Style" stems from the name of a book by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson written to record an International Exhibition of Modern Architecture that was held at the Museum of Modern Art. This occurred in New York City in 1932. This International Exhibition not only identified, but
Architecture It is interesting to learn that Mid-Century modern is really an architectural, interior and creation purpose procedure that normally defines mid-20th century expansions in modern blueprint, architecture, and urban expansion from approximately 1933 to 1965. The period, occupied as a style descriptor even during the mid-1950s, was reiterated in 1983 by author Cara Greenberg in the name of her manuscript, Mid-Century Modern: Furniture of the 1950s, which celebrating the style
From approximately 1930 until the 1980s, rectangular and functional spaces were the chief form of architecture around the world in general. The latter part of the 20th century -- the 1980s onward -- saw change once again, however (2008). For the most part, 20th century architecture, however, "focused on machine aesthetics or functionality and failed to incorporate any ornamental accents in the structure" (2008). The designs were, for the
This indicates the open and natural lines of the American prairie fields. A very interesting element of the Robie House design is that it has neither a basement nor an attic; the latter was omitted to perpetuate the visual element of the horizontal represented by the house, while the former was omitted for the simple reason that Wright found it aesthetically unpleasant. Instead, the communication of the house with the
Indeed, the first use of the term 'architect' as against 'master mason' in France dates from 1511 and reflects the increasing influence of Italian ideas" ( P88). Heller goes on to state that "…humanist learning in architecture not only raised the status of the architect, it also helped to foster a new division of labor in construction…"( Heller 88). 1.4. Significance The innovative design that was exhibited in this construction was
The Palais des Soviets and the Palais des Nations, like the Party Buildings in Nuremberg, symbolized the hoped for triumph of a "new order." Communism, like Nazism, believed that society functioned according to certain, almost mathematical laws. The dialectic of class against class had brought the proletariat to power, and the communist Soviet state represented the natural and inevitable apex of human evolution and history. Le Corbusier shared in