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Their bereavement is therefore noted to be very lengthy with the symptoms lasting for up to three years or more as indicated in the work of Murphy (2000).
The reliability of the instruments used in the study
Reliability is defined by Joppe (2000) as the extent to which the outcome of a given research are consistent over time. It also refers to how the results are an accurate representation of the phenomenon being studied and how well the given study can be reproduced using a similar methodology (p. 1). This study employed questionnaires as the instrument of study and the reliability of these is relatively low.
The specific measures used were the SAFE Acculturative Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Multi-Group Ethnic Identity Measure and Beck Suicide all of which have various levels of reliability and validity. All of these instruments are appropriate for this study since they can accurately depict the levels of variables (Dependent and Independent) in relation to this particular study
Improve the validity and reliability of the instruments
The validity and reliability of the instruments can be improved by choosing the correct sample size as well as recording the right information on the questionnaires.
References
Barnes, DH ( 2006). The aftermath of suicide among African-Americans. Journal of Black Psychology,32, 335 -- 348.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention....
Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Retrieved March 19, 2009, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/default.htm
Crosby, a., & Molock, S.D. ( 2006). Introduction: Suicidal behaviors in the African-American community.Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 253 -- 261.
Garlow, S.J., Purselle, D., & Heninger, M. ( 2005). Ethnic differences in patterns of suicide across the life cycle. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 319 -- 323.
Griffin-Fennell, F., & Williams, M. ( 2006). Examining the complexities of suicidal behavior in the African-American community. Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 303 -- 319.
Joppe, M. (2000). The Research Process. Retrieved February 25, 1998, from http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/rp.htm
Jordan, J.R., & McMenamy, J. ( 2004). Interventions for suicide survivors: A review of the literature.Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 34, 337 -- 349.
Murphy, S.A. ( 2000). The use of research findings in bereavement programs: A case study. Death Studies, 24, 585 -- 602.
Walker, RL., Wingate, LR, Obasi, EM, Joiner, T (2008).An empirical investigation of acculturative stress and ethnic identity as moderators for depression and suicidal ideation in college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association 2008, Vol. 14, No. 1, 75 -- 82
Willis, L.A., Coombs,…
References
Barnes, DH ( 2006). The aftermath of suicide among African-Americans. Journal of Black Psychology,32, 335 -- 348.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2005). Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Retrieved March 19, 2009, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/default.htm
Crosby, a., & Molock, S.D. ( 2006). Introduction: Suicidal behaviors in the African-American community.Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 253 -- 261.
Garlow, S.J., Purselle, D., & Heninger, M. ( 2005). Ethnic differences in patterns of suicide across the life cycle. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 319 -- 323.
Joppe, M. (2000). The Research Process. Retrieved February 25, 1998, from http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/rp.htm
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