They often need less sleep and are less affected by external conditions than their counterparts. Conversely, Type B personalities are relatively laid back when compared with their Type A and even their Type R counterparts. Type B personalities are relaxed, uncompetitive and take life 'as it comes.' They are able to wait relatively uncomplainingly, in comparison to Type As. When compared with Type A personalities, they have significantly lower rates of heart disease and other stress-related disorders (McLeod 2011). They are natural optimists and rather than viewing others as hostile and the world as a 'rat race' they see their fellow human beings in a positive light and expect the best.

Q3. Describe self-esteem and explain what role it plays in promoting and resolving stress.

Stress in life is inevitable. It is important to have the necessary psychological tools to deal with stress. Self-esteem is often said to be the best antidote to stress. "Possessing little self-regard can lead people to become depressed, to fall short of their potential, or to tolerate abusive situations and relationships" (What is self-esteem, 2014, Psychology Today). The self-esteem movement in America has often been criticized for encouraging people to 'feel good' about themselves in a baseless fashion. However, true self-esteem means having a realistic perception of the self, not unrealistically negative or unrealistically positive. Someone with unrealistically low self-esteem may say to him or herself: 'I am so stupid; I can't cope with anything,' an attitude which makes it difficult to deal with stress. Or the individual may believe that events...

Self-esteem is based upon having a sense of power over the self and others without feeling a need to control every detail of life. Although some people seem to have naturally high/realistic self-esteem, self-esteem can be cultivated through different types of therapies such as CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy) which stresses the evolution of a realistic self-image and avoiding negative coping mechanisms and depressive, anxious, and obsessive thoughts in the face of stress (Cherry 2014).
References

Cherry, K. (2014). What is CBT? About.com. Retrieved from:

http://psychology.about.com/od/psychotherapy/a/cbt.htm

McLeod, S.A. (2011). Type A Personality. Retrieved from:

http://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-a.html

Personality type: The resilient. (2013). My forgotten pen. Retrieved from;

http://myforgottenpen.com/personality-type-21-the-resilient/

Stress-prone and stress-resistant personalities. (2014). Nursing Student Support. Retrieved from:

http://www.nursingstudentsupport.net/content/SAPDF/SM06.stressprone.pdf

What is self-esteem? (2014). Psychology Today. Retrieved from:

http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/self-esteem