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¶ … World Trade Organization (WTO). Specifically, it will summarize the mission statement of the WTO, and identify stakeholders and their respective position regarding the organization's future evolution. The charge has been made that the WTO enables multinational corporations to be intrusive to certain segments of societies. Evaluate whether the charge is valid and support your position with relative documentation and reasoning. What is the foreseeable future for the next ten years?
THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
What is the World Trade Organization? This multi-national group has more than 140 members, which account for over 97% of world trade. At this time, there are about 30 others discussing membership. The entire membership makes decisions, most usually by consensus. The WTO can use majority voting, but majority voting has never been used in the WTO, and was "extremely rare under the WTO's predecessor, GATT" (WTO.org). The main office is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and there are no branch offices. About 550 people work for the organization, including a director-general, who heads the organization. The mission statement of the WTO is complex and varied. This condensed view of their purpose comes from their website:
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business (WTO.org).
The major stakeholders in the WTO are the United States, the 15-member European Union, made up of 15 European member states, and Japan. Each member gets one vote in WTO decisions, despite the size of the nation or the value of their international trade. However, this does not necessarily mean that each country only exerts a certain amount of pressure or influence on specific issues facing that country. As one expert points out about the influence available to countries, "the level of influence is also determined by the importance of the matter for the country. For example,...
The WTO was created to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was created after the end of World War II. Many economists believe "GATT and the WTO have helped to create a strong and prosperous trading system contributing to unprecedented growth" (WTO.org).
While the WTO is heralded by many as the best way to deal with burgeoning world trade, there are others who believe the WTO favors larger member nations, such as the United States and Japan, at the expense of the smaller member countries who do not have the power to lobby and veto. Some of the WTO critics have become extremely vocal during WTO meetings held around the world. One of the most notable protests took place in 1998 in Seattle, where demonstrators became violent and destroyed property in the Seattle area when they felt their protests were not being heard. Many believe the WTO is secretive and undemocratic because its meetings are not public, and are held behind closed doors.
As far as the WTO itself is concerned, most important WTO documents are made public. WTO decisions, panel findings, and other major documents of the WTO bodies are published in a series entitled Basic Instruments and Selected Documents (BISD) edited by the WTO Secretariat in Geneva. The Secretariat also prepares regular newsletters and publishes ad hoc studies on particular aspects of the multilateral trading system (Hoekman and Kostecki 43).
Many others believe the WTO is supportive of big business at the expense of the environment and small, third world countries. However, many experts take a more balanced view of the WTO and its mission in the world. "The WTO is not about global governance, it's about the right to trade; as such it's simply a set of rules about multinational negotiations and dispute settlement. If the WTO is…
References
Author not Available. "What is the WTO?" WorldTradeOrganization.org. 2003. 9 March 2003. http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/whatis_e.htm
Hoekman, Bernard M., and Michel M. Kostecki. The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to WTO. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Lovett, William A., Alfred E. Eckes, and Richard L. Brinkman. U.S. Trade Policy: History, Theory, and the WTO. Armonk, NY M.E. Sharpe, 1999.
McGillivray, Fiona. "Democratizing the World Trade Organization." Hoover Institution. 2000. 10 March 2003. http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/publications/epp/105/105b.html
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WTO and Developing World World Trade Organization currently does not have a clear definition of a developing country. For this paper, we need to know what a developing country is in order to see if accession to WTO actually improves their economic situation and to see if they are treated fairly by the organization and its wealthier members. But we need to understand that since there is no clear definition of
accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's laws regarding intellectual property rights were largely weak and ineffective, even though there were some laws on the books that were designed to protect these rights. Much of this ineffectiveness is attributed to the state-controlled economy that was in place that made observation and respect for domestic and international intellectual property rights dispensable. In its efforts to accede to the
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Of course, consumers knowing the country of origin of Toyota vehicles have done little to harm the dominance of that car over traditional American manufacturers like GM and Ford. But in some instances, if a particular nation has received bad press regarding its labor practices, mandatory labeling as an imported good might act as an additional invisible trade barrier. Also, if a nation is being subject to a particularly damaging
The measure implemented is still highly prejudiced and does little to spur economic growth or to regulate trade in an open and effective manner, and as such should be easily defeated by a Panel review. Part C The need to create accountability, transparency, and to eliminate corruption is a compelling interest of governments and business alike, and the WTO and GATT were certainly not meant to help perpetuate corruption. This does