1000 results for “Legal Brief”.
Issues Presented or Questions of Law:
1) Did the SBL agreement constitute the contract between the parties?
2) Was Plaintiffs' case barred by the parole evidence rule?
3) Should the trial court have sustained Defendants' demurrer to Plaintiffs' case?
Holding / Rule of Law:
1) The SBL agreement did not constitute the contract between the parties. The contracts were formed when Plaintiffs accepted Defendants offer and tendered their consideration. Therefore, the SBL agreement and addendum were unilateral, and therefore unenforceable, changes to the contract.
2) The Plaintiffs' breach of contract claim was not necessarily barred by the parole evidence rule.
3) The trial court should not have sustained Defendants' demurrer to Plaintiffs' case because a demurrer is not proper unless no recovery is possible on the facts alleged in the complaint.
Rationale:
1) A contract is formed when there is an offer, an acceptance of that offer, and an exchange of consideration. After a contract is formed, the contract…
Legal Brief: Hotjox Magazine
Facts: Mark Studley (Studley), an Olympic swimmer, was featured on the cover of Hotjox magazine, a magazine targeted primarily at gay males. The picture was in the public domain. The magazine cover had the headline "Olympic Hunks Exposed" and said, "12 Sizzling Centerfolds eady to Score with You," "Holy Speedo! Hot Athletic Buns!" And "Mark Studley, Olympic 2000's Best Body." The only image of Studley inside the magazine was a small fully-dressed quarter-page photo with an athletic profile of him and a quote he had previously given about trying to be a role model for children. The magazine did feature nude photos of male dancers. Studley filed suit against Hotjox alleging false light invasion of privacy. Studley maintained that the cover implied that he had voluntarily posed for the magazine and that this cost him endorsements and resulted in damage to his reputation. Hotjox argued that, as…
References
Cooper, J. (2013). Invasion of privacy- false light. Retrieved April 20, 2013 from Eastern
Michigan University website: http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~jcooper/emlaw/unit5_fl.html
Kaelin v. Globe Communications Corp. (9th Cir., 1998) 162 F.3d 1036.
Time, Inc. v. Hill, 385 U.S. 374 (1967).
Legal Briefs
Title and Citation: Suggs v. Norris. No. 364 S.E. 2nd 159. Court of Appeals North Carolina. 2 February 1988
Type of Action: Civil and Contractual
Facts of the Case: Darlene Suggs cohabited with Norris, but remained unmarried. During their time together she worked with him as a partner in his produce business and, according to witnesses, was quite instrumental in the success of said business. Suggs also took care of Norris during his last years when he suffered he effects of chronic alcoholism. hen Norris died, his heirs gave Suggs nothing.
Contentions of the Parties: Suggs sued the Norris estate for breach of implied contract. Norris' estate argues that any contract is void because cohabiting is against public policy.
Issues: Does public policy prohibit the recovery by a plaintiff partner in a cohabiting relationship but unmarried from the other partner's estate for services or benefits given to the other partner under he conditions…
Works Cited
Suggs v. Norris. No. 364 S.E. 2nd 159. Court of Appeals North Carolina. 2 February 1988. Web. October 2013. .
United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez. No. 399 F. 3rd 924. Supreme Court of the United States. 26 June 2006. Web. October 2013. .
Legal Brief: Anthony Labriola v. Pollard Group
Anthony Alan Labriola v. Pollard Group, Inc., A Supreme Court, 2004, No. 74002-0
hether a 2002 noncompete agreement negotiated after the employee had been hired and without independent consideration is enforceable.
SUBSTANTIVE FACTS:
Five years after beginning employment as a sales person the employer required the employee sign a noncompete agreement in 2002. In exchange the employee was allowed to remain employed.
After the noncompete agreement was signed by the employee, the employer changed the commission schedule such that the employee believed his income would be cut by 25%. As a result the employee began to search for employment elsewhere.
Upon learning of the employee's job search activities the employer fired the employee and notified competitors of its intention to enforce the noncompete agreement.
As a result the employee remains unemployed.
PROCEDURAL FACTS:
Employee filed suit seeking a summary judgment that the noncompete agreement entered into after employment had already begun was…
Washington State recognizes as enforceable noncompete agreements entered into at the time of employment, but a noncompete agreement entered into after employment has begun requires additional independent consideration. In other words, unless both parties are burdened with additional obligations the contract is unenforceable. The employer's argument that continued employment and additional training constituted consideration was found to be unsupportable because the 2002 noncompete agreement made no promises regarding future employment, wages, or training.
JUDGEMENT: Reversed trial court's summary judgment ruling and enter a summary judgment ruling in favor of the employee.
Note: The Court also considered the issues of attorney fees and court costs, the employer's affirmative defenses and counter claims, and CR 11 sanctions. Employee was awarded attorney fees and costs, the Court upheld the lower court's dismissal of the employer's affirmative defenses and counter claims for lack of a dispute and prima facie evidence, and held the employee's request for CR 11 sanctions as premature.
Legal Brief
The author preparing this brief is asked to defend against the banning of a book on the grounds that it is obscene and thus it should be barred from sale and distribution in the public sphere. The laws and standards surrounding obscenity are vague, subjective and impossible to reliably and consistently enforce in a manner that is even-handed and objective. As such, the banning of a book, movie or other piece of art or literature should not happen unless the case is clear-cut and without question. While obscenity laws are well-intentioned, at least most of the time, they don't pass muster unless wielded for very narrow and well-established reasons.
Per Miller v. California, there are three standards of obscenity that must be surpassed for a work to be banned with good conscience and all three of them can be quickly dismissed and in short order over the course of this…
When neither elected to do so, however, there was a violation of the New York Penal Code, leading to the consideration of their guilt or innocence.
Implications Under Article 20 of New York Penal Law
While the condemnation of a victim is not a viable defense, the implications for Bluto and his obligations under Article 20 deserves exploration. Just as Duty of etreat applied to Popeye and Olive, it likewise applied to Bluto, as he had the opportunity, and indeed a legal obligation, to walk away from the dispute, and if he did so, the outcome would have been quite arguably different.
For everyone involved, the obligations of conduct under Article 20 are clear; simply put, the incident should never have been inflated to the point that it ultimately was.
Legal Precedence
Perhaps the most famous real life legal case in New York history was that of People v. Goetz, which involved the shooting…
References
State Of New York, Penal Articles 20 and 35. Penal Code of New York State.
Fletcher, G.P. (1998). Basic Concepts of Criminal Law. New York: Oxford University Press.
Law-Legal Briefs
Lbs Homework Sheet
Quinain v. Doe, 516140 App. Div., 3rd Dept (2013)
Who is/are the plaintiff(s) (i.e. consumer, company, employee, government) and what type of legal relief is/are the plaintiff(s) seeking?
The plaintiff are a group of people who developed a close relationship with George ossi and took possession of his parcel of land after his death.
What legal question must the court decide, and what is the common law rule, constitutional provision or statute that the question will turn on?
The legal question to be answered is whether the plaintiffs legitimately took possession of the parcel of land subsequent to ossi's death or if the distant family members of ossi actually are entitled to possession of the land.
What is the court's reasoning? (Might include reliance on precedent, statutory interpretation and legislative history & societal considerations)
The decision had a couple of layers. First, both George ossi himself and his brother that died before him (Peter)…
References
FindLaw. (2014, September 24). QUINLAN v. DOE. Findlaw. Retrieved September 24, 2014,
from http://caselaw.findlaw.com/ny-supreme-court/1636565.html
FindLaw. (2014, September 24). POYCK v. BRYANT. FindLaw. Retrieved September 24,
2014, from http://caselaw.findlaw.com/ny-civil-court/1186845.html
O'Neill v. Montefiore Hospital
Case Summary
The case of Mr. O'Neill and his widow's case against Montefiore Hospital is a fairly basic one but it poses a very relevant and pointed question. The question becomes where the line is drawn between the duty to provide care and when the patient is basically on their own despite any bad things that may happen. The decision on this case was a split decision, so this drives the point home even further that the details and duties in question in this case are far from being clear-cut and defined and this is in part based on what did happen, what did not happen, what allegedly happened and what allegedly did not happen (Leagle, 2015).
The gist of the case is that Mr. O'Neill was awake and rubbing his chest and arms due to having pain in both of those areas. His wife awoke and noticed this…
References
Leagle. (2015). O'NEILL v. MONTEFIORE HOSP. | Leagle.com. Leagle.com. Retrieved 26 May 2015, from http://www.leagle.com/decision/196014311AD2d132
/ O%27NEILL%20v.%20MONTEFIORE%20HOSP.
Legal Brief
McCurdy v. Arkansas State Police, 375 F. 3 762 (8th Cir. 2004)
Type of Action
The case covered in this legal brief was the case of an employee of the Arkansas State Police, that being McCurdy, filing an action against the State of Arkansas in the form of the Arkansas State Police, that being her employer. Ms. McCurdy was trying to hold the Arkansas State Police liable for the sexual harassment of her supervisor. The case in this legal brief was argued before the United States Eight Circuit Court of Appeals (Leagle, 2014).
Facts of the Case
Jamie McCurdy, while being an employee of the Arkansas State Police, was subjected to about an hour of sexual harassment. The harassment in question was explicitly banned and disallowed as a matter of policy with the Arkansas State Police. On the Friday in which the harassment occurred, Sergeant Hall (McCurdy's supervisor) asked her where her uniform…
References
IntroLaw. (2014, May 30). Summary: McCurdy v. Arkansas State Police, 375 F.3d 762 (8th Cir. July 23, 2004). Summary: McCurdy v. Arkansas State Police, 375 F.3d 762 (8th Cir. July 23, 2004). Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.introlaw.com/ed/cs/8th/04/080704mc.html
LawMemo. (2014, May 30). Employment Law Memo sample. Employment Law Memo sample. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.lawmemo.com/sample/e20040726.htm
Leagle. (2014, May 30). McCURDY v. ARKANSAS STATE POLICE | Leagle.com. McCURDY v. ARKANSAS STATE POLICE | Leagle.com. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.leagle.com/decision/20031257275FSupp2d982_11161
This chapter is completed with further information on a legal analysis in chapter 12, which discusses the organization of the results of the research. The Honigsberg Grid is amply described as a useful instrument in such an organization.
Chapter 13 presents directions as to how a memorandum of law should be written, as well as some of its most important characteristics, notably the fact that this needs to be an objective piece of writing and has to follow a particular format. The chapter also provides a sample of such a memorandum. The notions presented in this chapter are completed in the subsequent chapter, which refers to writing a memorandum of points and authorities.
Finally, chapter 15 refers to how an opinion or client letter is written. The opinion letter is the formal way in which attorneys inform clients about certain legal aspects. As a formal instrument, such a letter has a…
To the precedent of Paula's case, a prominent case, which exemplified the sometimes institutionalized presence of inappropriate sexuality in the workplace, came to light when "eight women and one man were fired from a North Mankato (MN) women's shelter because (allegedly) they refused to fit into the sexually charged atmosphere created by a few staff members." (Lang, 1) the clarity of motives for their collective dismissal aligned the decision directly with Title VII.
Still, the burden of proof, as is underlying in the constitutionality of our criminal and civil law systems, lay with the plaintiff. Thus, even if such incidences are said to have occurred, the judicial examination of any case would demand a prying deconstruction of the claim and the individual making said claim. Therefore, it will fall upon Paula to prove that Sam had made inappropriate and unwanted sexual advances toward her and further, that her refusal to…
Works Cited:
Jessica, S.N. (2008). at-Will Employment Dismissal Law. EHOW. Online at http://www.ehow.com/about_5272311_atwill-employment-dismissal-law.html
Lang, G. (1994). Women's Shelter Sex Harassment. Men's Voices Magazine. Online at www.menweb.org
Brown, NS. (1994). Sexual Harassment -- Fact v. Myth. Men's Voices Magazine. Online at .
This could be something like another computer picking up someone's credit card number during what was supposed to be a secure transaction, or an employee of a company giving out a person's confidential information over the phone to someone who is not authorized to receive it. However it happens, confidentiality breaches are serious, and must be addressed immediately so they do not happen again (Allen 2001).
Integrity of information assures that information can not be modified without such modification being detected. Most information management systems have some sort of protocol in place for protecting the integrity of information. The greatest danger to the integrity of information occurs when it is in transit from one computer to another. This is the perfect time for hackers to access the information and modify it without being detected. A secure information management system ensures that this is unlikely to happen and that any modifications…
References
Allen, Julia H. (2001). The CERT Guide to System and Network Security Practices. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Layton, Timothy P. (2007). Information Security: Design, Implementation, Measurement, and Compliance. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications.
McNab, Chris (2004). Network Security Assessment. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly.
Legal Book Review: The Buffalo Creek Disaster
The Buffalo Creek Disaster was one of the costliest preventable tragedies in the history of American coal-mining. An impoundment dam burst in a coal mining est Virginia town, precipitating a deadly flood that killed or injured more than a thousand people, and left many more residents homeless. The dam had been declared sound shortly before it burst by a federal inspector. The owner of the dam, the Pittston Coal Company initially only offered a very small settlement to the victims. "Over 125 people perished immediately. Most were women and children unable to struggle out from under the thick black water choked with crushed and splintered homes, cars, telephone poles, railroad tracks, and all manner of other debris. There were over 4,000 survivors, but their 1,000 homes were destroyed as well as most of their possessions" (Stern ix-x). Survivors of the incident experienced post-traumatic stress…
Work Cited
Stern, Gerald. The Buffalo Creek Disaster. Vintage, 1977.
Partnerships demand that all partners (both general and limited partners) be on the same page financially and within the scope of the business operations. They require shared a goal and vision for the entity, and a mutual understanding of each owner's role and the parameters for exerting control. Perpetual lines of communication must be available for all parties in response to changing dynamics and the occurrence of unforeseen events. This is particular relevant in the restaurant industry, where consumers have many choices and often make them based on little substance
. The restaurant industry is fraught with sudden changes, which can require added attention, effort and capital in a short period of time. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the roles of each owner, be they a general or limited partner, is essential to a properly functioning partnership.
Additionally, effective partnerships require regular meetings and reviews of all business operations, and a careful…
References
Astrachan, J. (2003). Family Business' Contribution to the U.S. Economy: A Closer
Look. Family Business Review, vol. 17:3. p 211-219. (Retrieved from google scholar. Keywords: sole, proprietorship, owner, entrepreneurship)
Auty, S. (1992). Consumer Choice and Segmentation in the Restaurant Industry. The Service Industries Journal. vol. 12 (3). p 324-339. Retrieved from informaworld.com (Keywords: restaurant, corporation, consumer)
Baysinger, B. & Butler, H. (1985). Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors:
Other safety measures would include using a matt or some sort of way to minimize the issue of falling or tripping during inclimate weather; and also keeping the aisles and store clean and neat so that there is little chance for accidents. Employees, too, should be encouraged to understand where the first-aid kit is located, procedures if a consumer is injured (911, etc.), and how to best protect themselves in the event of a robbery or altercation. The impact of all these will have two forms: it will increase expenses for the business and thus increase the amount the business must charge for the product -- part of the Cost of Goods Sold.
Sources:
Consumer Product Safety Act. (1972). Public Law 92-573. Retrieved from:
http://www.herc.org/library/cpsa.pdf
Ensuring Safety in the Workplace. (2011). Workforce Central. Retrieved from:
http://www.workforcecentralflorida.com/employer/employer-research-resource-center/hr-tips-strategies/management/ensuring-safety-in-the-workplace.stml
Part 2 -- Business Plan Response:
Overview: The demand for affordable designer clothing has increased in recent years. With e-commerce now…
" (Lee, 2009)
Core labor standards are stated by Lee (2009) to be "more or less the basic labor rights: that is, the International Labor Organization (ILO) core labor standards that have been confirmed by the UN Global Compact and adopted or discussed by the GRI and ISO 26000." (Lee, 2009) Those standards include the following: (1) a guarantee of the three labor rights (organizing, collective bargaining, and collective action) based on freedom of association, (2) a ban on forced labor, (3) a ban on child labor, and (4) no discrimination in labor. (Lee, 2009) Stated as important secondary standards are those as follows: (1) responsibility for employment; (2) industrial safety and health; and (3) training and education. (Lee, 2009) Lee states that western multinational companies "...are capable of investment, innovation, and reporting for SR, because they have been exposed to the CSR movement for some time. Thus companies in developing…
Bibliography
Malaysia (2009) Office of the United States Trade Representative. 8 Oct. 2009. Online available at: http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/southeast-asia-pacific/malaysia
Thailand (2009) Office of the United States Trade Representative. http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/southeast-asia-pacific/thailand
Singapore (2009) Office of the United States Trade Representative. http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/southeast-asia-pacific/singapore
Hong Kong (2009) Office of the United States Trade Representative. http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/china/hong-kong
legal risk arising from wrongful discharge.
What liability and rights do NewCorp and Pat have in this situation? What legal principles -- such as statutory or case law -- support those liabilities and rights?
When it comes to the first scenario, it is clear that NewCorp fired Pat based upon the views that he expressed at a public gathering. While this cannot be directly proven, various pieces of circumstantial evidence are illustrating how this is the case. As, he was not given any kind of notification for: unsatisfactory behavior at work. This is important, because it means that the company does have a potential legal liability (based upon these actions).
Rule
The statutory rule that company is violating is the provisions of: intentional discrimination (under the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964). This states that it is illegal for employers, to fire someone based upon: actions that they may not…
Bibliography
Cheeseman, H. (2010). Employment, Worker Protection and Immigration Laws. Business Law. (pp. 486-498). New York, NY: Pearson Education.
Cheeseman, H. (2010). Equal Opportunity in Employment. Business Law. (pp. 511 -- 527). New York, NY: Pearson Education.
Cheeseman, H. (2010). Labor Law and Collective Bargaining. Business Law. (pp. 499-510). New York, NY: Pearson Education.
New Invention
Business Environment
Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of New Product Development
There are three basic forms in which of businesses can be organized: sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. There are also many different versions of each form. For example, there are many different kinds of corporations. However, based on the scenario represented for the individual who has an idea for a product a sole proprietorship would most likely represent the ideal form for the individual to get started with and if the product does turn out to be a success then they could always reorganize the business later on. Although the individual has an idea for a product that he believes will be a success he does not have a lot of capital to launch a major product development campaign. Furthermore, although the economy is recovering, the external environment is still plagued with high levels of competition and many industries are…
References
BizFilings. (N.d.). Benefits of Create an LLC. Retrieved from BizFilings: http://www.bizfilings.com/learn/creating-llc.aspx
IRS. (2012, December 31). Limited Liability Company (LLC). Retrieved from IRS: http://www.irs.gov/Businesses/Small-Businesses-&-Self-Employed/Limited-Liability-Company -(LLC)
The Wall Street Journal. (N.d.). How to Form an LLC. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal: http://guides.wsj.com/small-business/starting-a-business/how-to-start-an-llc/
Normally, efforts must be reasonable and diligent but not futile. The general grounds for termination of parental rights in all states are as follows. Abandonment is a prime case of abandonment can be established after six months of conscious disregard of any form of parental obligations by a parent, including support, maintenance, love and care. The conduct must be intentional and normally must involve a lack of support plus a failure to communicate. Neglect must be serious and continuing and involve serious mental, physical or moral harm to the child. Poverty or disreputable lifestyle, absent such harm, is not adequate grounds for termination. Abuse requires serious physical or emotional harm, or sexual misconduct. A likelihood of future abuse must also be established, since termination is not intended to be a punishment to the biological parent. A mental illness, deficiency, or substance abuse problem must result in an inability to…
Bibliography
Mary Kay Kisthardt, of Fatherhood, Families and Fantasy: The Legacy of Michael H. v. Gerald D., 65 Tul. L. Rev. 585, 588 (1991).
Marianne M. DeMarco, Delineation of the Boundaries of Putative Father's Rights: A Psychological Parenthood Perspective, 15 SETON HALL L. REV. 290, 291 n.7 (1985).
Rita Meiser & Marcie Velen, the History of Adoption. http://www.researchetcinc.com/history.hml .(Visited April 29, 2005).
Suellyn Scarnecchia, Defining Family: Adoption Law and Policy Adoption Rights, 2 Duke J. Gender L. & Pol'y 41, 41-42 (1995).
Appellate Brief
Question Presented / Issue Statement
Appellant Mary Smith seeks review of the decision of the United States District Court for the District of Anytown, which granted judgment in favor of appellees, the United States Postal Service (U.S.P.S.) and Jim Bonilla, egional Supervisor of the U.S.P.S., on their motion to dismiss appellant's complaint for failure to exhaust administrative remedies in appellant's lawsuit for gender discrimination, hostile work environment, and constructive discharge in violation of Title VII of the Civil ights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. (Title VII). The questions presented in that case was whether appellant provided sufficient facts to warrant tolling her claim under a theory of equitable estoppel or whether the Court should refuse to hear her claims because they were filed after the applicable tolling period. Specifically, these questions are:
Does the time limitation outlined in 29 C.F.. § 1614.105(a)(1) prevent Ms. Smith from bringing…
Resources professional, Lehr, was very negative about the possibility of a favorable outcome for appellant. She repeatedly informed appellant that appellee Bonilla was well-liked by the people at the company and actively encouraged appellant to drop her complaint against appellee Bonilla. Moreover, Lehr was involved in a romantic relationship with appellee Bonilla, which was known to the appellant during the time of the investigation.
While it may seem egregious that appellee U.S.P.S. would allow a human resources professional who was engaged in a romantic relationship with an employee to conduct an investigation into that employee's behavior, the egregious nature of those allegations actually works against appellant's claim of equitable estoppel. If appellee Bonilla had engaged in a secret affair with Lehr, which appellant only uncovered after the limitations period had expired, then estoppel might apply to him. If appellee U.S.P.S. had been aware of the affair, but hidden it from appellant, then estoppel might apply to it. On the contrary, appellant's own allegations suggest that the romantic relationship between Lehr and appellee Bonilla was known during the course of the investigation. Therefore, the Court has to look at whether a reasonable person, under those same circumstances, would have believed that an investigation into appellee Bonilla would have resulted in a favorable outcome for appellant. Clearly, a reasonable person would have had, at the very least, grave misgivings about the outcome of such an investigation and would not have relied upon the fact that an investigation was occurring to prevent her from filing a discrimination claim.
The only other possible source of an estoppel claim is the fact that appellant met with a counselor who failed to file her employment discrimination claim against appellees. Perhaps the facts support a filing of a discrimination claim and the counselor's behavior was inappropriate. Moreover, it is possible that appellant believed that her discussion with the counselor would lead to a claim being filed within the statutory period, although her decision to delay speaking with a counselor until the statutory period had almost expired seems as if she was not protecting her rights. However, the question is whether the appellees engaged in behavior that would have prevented her from filing her claim. Even if the counselor's behavior kept appellant from filing a private lawsuit, there is no reason to believe that appellees were, in any way responsible for the counselor's behavior. They cannot be equitably estopped from bringing a statute of limitations defense by the behavior of a third party who was not under their control.
When examining equitable estoppel, it is also appropriate to look at laches. Laches is the "negligent and unintentional failure to protect one's rights." Elvis Presley Enter., v. Elvisly Yours, Inc., 936 F.2d 889, 894 (6th Cir. 1991). Laches has two elements. First, there must be an unreasonable delay in asserting one's rights and second, there must be prejudice to the defending parties. EEOC v. Watkins Motor Lines, Inc., 463 F.3d 436, 437 (6th Cir. 2006). The Court has specifically held that employers can use a laches defense when faced with discrimination claims; "in addition to other equitable defenses, therefore, an employer may raise a laches defense, which bars a plaintiff from maintaining a suit if he unreasonably delays in filing a suit and as a result harms the defendant." National R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 121-122.
Appellant would like to characterize her request for equitable estoppel in such a way that it appears that she is barred by just a few days from bringing her discrimination claim. In some ways this is true, but she also wants to allege a systemic pattern of discriminatory behavior by appellee Bonilla that goes back for years of employment. She failed to file her claim, either as a lawsuit or with the EEOC during that extended period of harassment. Moreover, she acknowledges that she was only transferred to appellee Bonilla's supervision after an unfavorable review when she was in another position. It certainly appears that her employment behavior for several years would be at issue in the lawsuit and that appellees would need to be able to provide substantiation of their claims about her behavior, particularly claims made in her employment evaluations, as part of their defense. The time delay in bringing suit would make this much more difficult for appellees.
Memorandum
In Brief
It is important to note, from the onset, that there are many commercial benefits that our company could reap by expanding internationally. Thus, the expansion into Mexico is not only timely, but also well considered. However, in engaging in the said expansion, the company ought to be aware of the pertinent aspects of both the U.S. and Mexican law. It is with this in mind that this memo highlights the most likely compliance issues or concerns in as far as the various aspects of law and ethics specific to Mexico are concerned.
Pertinent Aspects of U.S. Law
There are a number of laws and certain legal provisions specific to our expansion into Mexico. Key amongst these include, but they are not limited to; USMCA (which replaced NAFTA a month ago), Customs and Border Protection (CBP) laws, and laws relating to engagement in corrupt practices and money laundering.
For a long time, 26…
References
Construction Case Study
Case Overview
Oliver Owner has decided that it would be a good investment to build a large suburban office building on some unimproved land that currently owns. However, since he does not know much about construction, he has hired a professional project manager firm, CMI, to manage the project. However, when Mr. Owner was away for personal reasons, CMI exercised its authority to select an electrical contractor from three pre-authorized contractors that were selected. When Mr. Owner returned, he accused CMI of exceeding its authority by signing a contract with the electrical firm on his behalf. Other problems also arose from the contracts related to the electrical work to be done of the suburban office project such as a request to retract a proposal as well as a misunderstanding about what the security deposit that the contractors entailed. This analysis will provide a brief background in legal considerations that…
References
CMAA. (2011). An Owner's Guide to Construction Program Management. Retrieved from CMAA Net: http://cmaanet.org/sites/default/files/files/Owners%20Guide%20Ver%209-2011.pdf
MacDonald. (2010, July 31). Understanding the Pros and Cons of Standard Form Construction Contracts. Retrieved from MacDonald Illig Attorneys: http://www.macdonaldillig.com/understanding-the-pros-and-cons-of-standard-form-construction-co.html
Procurement Notices. (2015, December 24). C.M.A.A RFP. Retrieved from Procurement Notices: http://procurement-notices.undp.org/view_file.cfm?doc_id=71297
The American Institute of Architects. (N.d.). Contractors. Retrieved from The American Institute of Architects: http://www.aia.org/contractdocs/forcontractors/
Legal research as Putman and Albright (2014, p. 335) point out "is the part of legal analysis that involves finding the law that applies to the legal question raised by the facts of a client's case." As the authors further point out, there is no magic formula when it comes to the conduction of legal research. There is no 'one best way' of conducting legal research. It is with this in mind that I develop my own three step legal research strategy.
My Three (3) Step Legal esearch Process
Analysis and Planning
As far as legal research is concerned, Elias (2012, p. 69) is of the opinion that one ought to have a clear idea of that which he or she would want to accomplish. In this particular stage, I would concern myself with not only the identification of the case's key facts, but also the establishment of the various legal issues represented…
References
Elias, S. (2012). Legal Research: How to Find & Understand the Law (16th ed.). Berkeley, California: Nolo.
Putman, W. & Albright, J. (2014). Legal Research. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
Yelin, A.B. & Samborn, H.V. (2008). The Legal Research and Writing Handbook: A Basic Approach for Paralegals (5th ed.). New York, NY: Aspen Publishers Online.
Legal Issues in Cremation
Annotated Bibliography
The sources listed in this annotated bibliography provide a beginning body of information about the legal issues that emerge when a cremation is not carried out according to the wishes of the family or the deceased. The resources provide information about failed cremation that was due to negligence on the part of the official licensed to provide cremation services.
Two of the research questions are: What are the regulations about licensing and inspections of crematoria in various states? In which states does the law make it crime to negligently dispose of a body?
illigan, T.S. (2013, November 15). Hawaii Adopts NFDA's Model Right of Disposition Law. The Director. National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA). Retrieved
http://nfda.org/government-relations-/current-funeral-service-issues/3824-hawaii-adopts-nfdas-model-right-of-disposition-law.html
This article is useful as it explains the legal problems that can emerge when a state (such as Alaska and Hawaii) do not have a right of disposition law. Specifically, the article states that crematories…
Goldwasser, J.W. (Rabbi (2014). How can a Jewish cemetery permit the burial of cremated ashes on sacred ground? About.com.
This is an informative article on cremation under Jewish law. Most traditional authorities forbid the burial of ashes in a Jewish cemetery because it encourages the practice of cremation. Some traditional authorities do allow ashes to be interned because to deny burial would itself be a violation of the command to bury.
[Type text]
It is merely a separate agreement between the assignor and assignee in which the assignor gives its rights under the contract to the assignee for good and valuable consideration. Since an assignment is not a modification to the original agreement, it does not need to be in writing and signed by the parties to the original agreement. However, if the terms of the original agreement are altered by the assignment, such as if Kethan's terms of employment changed (different salary, different working hours, different responsibilities) then the assignment could arguably be a modification of the original agreement. However, in this case nothing about Kethan's work environment changes.
Further, the court determined that due to Kentucky public policy and case precedent, noncompetition agreements are assignable because Kentucky public policy favors enforcement of noncompetition agreeements as long as they are reasonable. This policy is designed to protect businesses from unscrupulous employees who…
M. Lin's release from MCF has had the effect of rendering his lawsuit moot. In this case, M. Lin was incarcerated at the time the lawsuit was filed, but not at the time it is being decided. Thus, M. Lin's cause of action fails on the issue of mootness. Additionally, of the six members whom were denied visitation privileges, five of them have had sons which whom were formerly incarcerated at MCF, but now have been released. The son of the sixth MOM member asserting denial of visitation privileges died after his release from MCF. Thus, all of the six members of MOM claims will fail as a result of mootness.
C. RIPENESS
AUTHORITY
The controversy must be ripe for decision; ripeness bars consideration of claims before they have fully developed. A case may be dismissed as unripe where a statute has never been enforced and there is no real threat that…
hotel sent the security guard on duty to check on Gonzalez in his hotel room. The defendant rebuffed to open the door. The security guard heard the sound of breaking glasses and the high television volume. This prompted the hotel to summon Laredo Police Department to assist in carrying out investigations. The hotel staff did not appeal the police to take Gonzalez into custody. In the other case, Michael Evans arrived at the club with his companions; he unknowingly groped Ms. Niland who later instructed the security officer to arrest him.
Nonetheless, in the second case, Michael Evans had number of associates including, Chad Sorrell, Bernard Lynch, and Dan Lechner. They witnessed the event at the club as opposed to the first case where Gonzalez was alone studying in his hotel room in preparation for the forth-coming Texas Import/Export examination.
In the first case, due to lack of sufficient evidence supporting…
After reading the Gilbert Law Summary on legal writing and research, a law student would be much better prepared to begin his or her educational career in research and analysis. As previously stated, the student should feel more adequate to tackle the research portion of any legal project, but the actual writing and analysis would need further development as only actual experience may provide. Honigsberg's introduction into the vast world of legal study should help pave the way for a better knowledge of what exactly is entailed in researching the law. His outline source should be used as a basic guideline for organizing a study of legal cases, and is a must for any student's law collection. The definitions and insight into the U.S. legal system provided by Honigsberg should make the research process a little easier to understand. As most researchers know, finding a place to begin when there…
Mapp v. Ohio
Facts: suspicious that the petitioner (Dollree Mapp) was hiding a bombing suspect and some paraphernalia that that may have been used to carry out a bombing in the state, Cleveland police went to her residence demanding to be allowed to conduct a search in regard to the same. The petitioner, after consulting with her attorney, refused to let them in because they did not have a warrant to that effect. The officers left, but returned several hours later holding up a sheet of paper that they claimed was a search warrant. They forcibly made their way into the house, conducted a thorough search, and seized a trunk containing obscene materials in the basement. They then charged the defendant for the possession of obscene materials in violation of state law. The defendant filed an appeal on grounds that the search conducted by police in her boardinghouse violated the provisions…
Works Cited
Case Briefs. "Mapp v. Ohio." Case Briefs, 2014. Web. 17 November 2014 http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-procedure/criminal-procedure-keyed-to-saltzburg/searches-and-seizures-of-persons-and-things/mapp-v-ohio-3/2/
Ranney, James. "The Exclusionary Rule -- the Illusion vs. The Reality." Montana Law Review 46.2 (1985): 289-305.
Whitt v Teeter
American Business Legal Environment - American Business law is also known as commercial and corporate law. It governs all business and commercial transactions, but most consider it to be a branch of civil law that has evolved into a more specific level of focus. This form of law governs manufacture and distribution of goods, guarantees, accidents, corporate responsibilities, contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sales of consumer goods. In the United States, unlike some other countries, commercial law is part of the purview of the U.S. Congress and the civil codes that govern laws between the states. This template came about based on needing to establish some sort of legal venue that would transcend individual state's jurisdictions so that goods could be transported between states and still have legal protection (Commercial Law, 2010). Many efforts have been made to create a more unified, "national" code that deals…
REFERENCES
Commercial Law. (2010). Cornell University Law School Legal Information Institute. Retrieved from: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/Commercial_law
How the Legal System Works. (2012). Find Law. Retrieved from: http://public.findlaw.com/abaflg/flg-2-2a-4.html
Introduction to the Court System. (2003). Syracuse University College of Law. Retrieved from: http://www.law.syr.edu/Pdfs/0Intro%20Court%20System.pdf
Is Workplace Sexual Harassment on the Rise? (April 16, 2010). SHRM Poll Online.
NewCorp
Legal Encounter
What liabilities and rights do NewCorp and Pat have in this situation? What legal principles, such as statutory or case law, support those liabilities and rights?
NewCorp is liable to follow the guidelines of the handbook outlining how to deal with unsatisfactory employees, but they also have the right to dismiss an employee at will. Pat on the other hand, has the right to be informed about the indication of the problem and put through a corrective plan to improve his shortcomings before dismissal. Nevertheless, this is a case of implied contract where there is lack of clause clarifying that the policy is not intended to include employment affiliations (Cheeseman, 2010). The employment-at-will doctrine allows the employer to dismiss employ at will; however, in this case NewCorp violated their own guidelines showing poor ethics in the decision to terminate Pat's employment.
Wrongful discharge is supported by the case law while employment-at-will…
References
Cheeseman, H.R. (2010). Business Law: Legal Environment, Online Commerce, Business Ethics, and International Issues . PrenticeHall.
Cheeseman, H.R. (2010). EMPLOYMENT, WORKERPROTECTION, AND IMMIGRATION LAWS. In Business Law: Legal Environment, Online Commerce, Business Ethics, and International Issues, Seventh Edition (pp. 486-510). Retrieved from University of Phoenix
Grossman, J. (2003, January 28). IF employers don't provide insurance covering fertility, are they guilty of sex discrimination? A federal appeals court says no. Retrieved January 26, 2009 from http://writ.news.findlaw.com/grossman/20030128.html
Jennings, M.M. (2006). Business: Its legal, ethical, and global environment. Mason, OH: Thomson.
Hamdan v. umsfeld
Hamdan v umsfeld
Case Name and Citation: The name of the case is Hamdan v. umsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006). Salim Ahmed Hamdan is a Yemeni national, who was captured in Afghanistan in 2001. He is accused of providing material support to terrorists and was transferred to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. In 2002, the Bush Administration declared him to be an enemy combatant. They determined that he would stand trial before a military tribunal. However, several years have passed and he has not been allowed to consult with legal counsel. The result is that the proceedings are delayed which keeps him confined at the facility indefinitely. Donald umsfeld was the Secretary of Defense and is responsible for the administration of the prison. [footnoteef:2] [2: Hamdan v. umsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006)]
Facts: Hamdan was captured by militia forces in Afghanistan and was turned over to the U.S. military in 2001. At…
References
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006)
Psychological Testing
Ethical and legal use of psychological testing has a significant impact on the standards and practices of psychological testing to demonstrate intervention for those being tested. The purpose of the ethical boundaries of psychological testing is to ensure that clinicians are utilizing the best test possible and then applying the results ethically to demonstrate assistance with diagnosis and intervention modes in a way that best meets the needs of the subject. This work will discuss the ethical application and utilization of psychological testing instruments to demonstrate the best possible outcomes and interventions for subjects in a way that recognizes tests strengths and limitations and ultimately leads to the appropriate and essential answers needed to aid people with diagnosis and treatment objectives. There are a significant number of psychological tests at the disposal of clinicians and they are in a constant state of revision by the entities that develop…
References
Emanuel, E.J., & Menikoff, J. (2011). Reforming the regulations governing research with human subjects. The New England Journal Of Medicine, 365(12), 1145-1150. doi:10.1056/NEJMsb1106942
Green, B., Li, L., Morris, J., Gluzman, R., Davis, J.L., Wang, M., & Katz, R.V. (2011). Detailed knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Who knows what? A framework for health promotion strategies. Health Education & Behavior, 38(6), 629-636. doi:10.1177/1090198110391529
Hogan, T.P. (2007). Psychological testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Nagy, T.F. (2011). Ethics in psychological assessment. In T.F. Nagy (Ed.), Essential ethics for psychologists: A primer for understanding and mastering core issues (pp. 171-183). Washington, DC U.S.: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/12345-009
Columbia Rules of Professional Conduct (RPC)
Fee splitting Agreement between Mr. Dark and Mr. Pasada
(i) Is the fee-splitting agreement between Mr. Pasada and Mr. Dark enforceable?
No, unfortunately for Mr. Pasada the fee-splitting agreement is not enforceable under Rule 701.2 (g) of the Columbia Rules of Professional Conduct (RPC). This rule is intended to protect the client and is not the right argument to be made for a lawyer's protection by Mr. Pasada in these circumstances.
(ii) Did the letter signed by Mr. Tomas constitute consent?
No, this letter does not constitute consent. Mr. Tomas's signature on the letter merely acknowledges that he received it, read it, and understood its contents. The letter does not ask for consent to the agreement, nor does it imply that Mr. Tomas has consented in any way; it merely established that the letter was received.
What was the legal effect of the memo from Mr. Pasada to Mr.…
easonable Suspicion and 4th Amendment Law in U.S. v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2001)
Title and Citation: U.S. v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2001)
Type of Action: eview by the U.S. Supreme Court of a ruling made by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which held that evidence should be suppressed as a result of a violation of the Fourth Amendment right to privacy and protection from unwarranted and unreasonable search and seizure. The federal government sought to overturn the motion to suppress that was upheld by the Ninth Circuit.
Facts of the Case: On a January afternoon in 1998 Border Patrol agent Clinton Stoddard was manning a checkpoint on U.S. Highway 191, located north of Douglas, Arizona. At approximately 2:15 P.M. A motion sensor was tripped and Stoddard was notified that a vehicle was traversing an infrequently travelled road -- evidence used by Border Patrol agents to detect possible…
References
U.S. v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2001)
U.S. Const. amend. IV
There are three types of stimuli used, which are:
1) Targets;
2) Irrelevant; and 3) Probes.
These are used "in the form of words, pictures, or sounds..." which a computer presents for a second or even a partial second. Incoming stimulus, if it is worth noting, results in a P-300, which is an electrical brain response. The P-300 is part of a MERMER or a memory and encoding related multifaceted electroencephalographic response, which is a larger brain response.
Originally event related potentials (ERP) was the method used for studying brain activity information processing. The limitation of the ERP is that it causes elimination of all patterns that are complex and results in the meaningful signals also being lost. The multifaceted electroencephalographic response analysis or MERA was developed due to the limitation of the ERP. Farwell found that incorporation of this technique resulted in the elicitation of MERMER when the individual being tested recognized…
Bibliography
Taylor, Erich (2007) a New Wave of Police Interrogation? Brain Fingerprinting, the Constitutional Privilege against Self-Incrimination and Hearsay Jurisprudence
WWW.jltp.uiuc.edu/works/Taylor.htm
Pope, Harrison (nd) the Emperor's Tailoring. FMS Foundation Newsletter. Online available at http://www.fmsfonline.org/fmsf96.d31.html
Stetler, Russell and Wayland, Kathleen (2004) Capital Cases - Dimension of Mitigation. June 2004. Online available at http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:8FdkQI0WFDsJ:www.fd.org/pdf_lib/Capital%2520CasesDimensions%2520of%2520Mitigation%2520Stetler.pdf+MRI:+forensics,+determination+of+guilt+or+innocence&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=50&gl=us.
Paula states that the rationale for the refusal is also violation of Title IIV and EEOC (Equal Opportunity Commission Policy) as it is based merely on the fact that she is a woman and has the potential to become pregnant. Sam's use of his power is also a continuation of his harassment, and now seems explicitly 'quid pro quo.' Not accepting his advances resulted in a negative impact upon Paula's job.
Paula is correct and Sam is incorrect, legally speaking. While fetal protection policies that barred women of childbearing age from jobs because of harm to their potential fetuses became widespread in 1970s and 1980s, the 1991 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in UAW v. Johnson Controls declared these laws to be a form of sexual discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil ights Act of 1964 (Fetal rights, 2009, Law Library).
Scenario 3:
NewCorp has a strong case that the nature…
References
Consumer Law: What is a contract? (2009). Paralegal Advice. Retrieved January 10, 2009 at http://www.paralegaladvice.org.za/docs/chap11/02.html
Employment at will. (2009). Nolo. Retrieved January 10, 2009 at http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/article-30022.html
Fetal rights. (2009). Law Library. Retrieved January 10, 2009 at http://law.jrank.org/pages/6853/Fetal-Rights-Fetal-Protection-Policies.html
Worker rights. (2009). Retrieved January 10, 2009 at OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/rights.html
It should also be pointed out that the Defendant, Mr. Taylor, warned the Plaintiff to not play with the dog and that Ms. Buffet openly admits that this is the case. The warning itself will not affect the issue of liability but it will impact on the measure of damages. As Ms. Buffet made no effort to play with the dog or otherwise interact with him the issue of the warning should have little impact on the case but it is something that must be considered.
II. Doctrine of Comparative Negligence Will Mitigate Damages
Assuming arguendo that the Plaintiff can prove negligence by the Defendant she must overcome the tenets of the Comparative Negligence doctrine.
As Florida follows pure comparative negligence she might still be able to recover damages but they would be diminished by how the contribution of fault is measured by the jury. For example, if the jury were to…
Hoffman v. Jones, 280 So.2d 287 (Fla. 1977)
Bessett v. Hackett, 66 So. 2d 694 (Fla. 1953)
Restatement of Torts (Second) §463
Amicus Brief that I examined for this particular assignment is entitled "Floyd v. Cain." It largely functions as a means of providing evidence that people may falsely confess to crimes for a multitude of reasons. Therefore, it implies that not all convictions are actually true, particularly those in which false confessions may have been involved.
This particular brief was written due to a legal matter involving John Floyd, who has spent approximately the past 30 years in prison largely due to his confession to a charge of murder. There are several mitigating factors pertaining to this particular case, most noticeably the fact that Floyd "has a full scale IQ of 59 and, at age 60, reads at the level of a second grader" (APA, 2013). At the time that the American Psychological Association (APA) prepared this brief, there was new evidence in Floyd's case that he may have falsely confessed.…
References
American Psychological Association. (2013). "Floyd v. Cain." www.apa.org. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/about/offices/ogc/amicus/floyd.aspx
Haedicke, S.J. (2010). "Brief of Amicus Curae the American Psychological Association in support of petitioner John Floyd." American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/about/offices/ogc/amicus/floyd-v-cain-brief.pdf
Though
this is, of course, never the case, anti-stem cell research activists
affiliate this issue as a slippery slope with the abortion issue.
However, to my perspective, this is an incredibly inhumane
politicization of a prospect which could save many lives and reduce much
suffering. Obstruction to advancement in this field are short-sighted and
cruel. The condition of cystic fibrosis is a good example of a condition
where the effective use of embryonic stem cell research would be considered
a means to reducing much pain in its sufferers. Here, the dysfunction of
the secretory glands creates excessive mucous production and can result in
life-shortening respiratory and developmental issues. If embryonic stem
cells are differentiated and transplanted to produce healthy, functional
secretory glands in the sufferer, this serious and distressful condition
could be diminished in presence.
This denotes the potentially broad-based benefits to pushing forward
with research, in spite of the fringe population who would aspire to foist
its spiritual ideologies upon the legal and scientific…
391).
Padilla's counsel subsequently filed a petition for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court, which was again denied in April of 2006. Meantime, Padilla had been transferred to civilian custody, essentially rendering the petition for a writ of certiorari in the highest court in the land a moot point.
The question before the Court of Appeals was whether the President of the United States had the constitutional authority to detain a United States citizen who was allegedly associated with al Qaeda, a known terrorist organization that the United States was at war with.
The Judge who ultimately penned the Court of Appeals' opinion, Luttig, was joined by Judges Michael and Traxler (2005) and wrote:
The detention of petitioner being fully authorized by Act of Congress, the judgment of the district court that the detention of petitioner by the President of the United States is without support in law is hereby reversed. (p.397).
In essence,…
References
American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia. (2006). Padilla v. Hanft.
Retrieved from http://www.acluva.org/docket/padilla.html .
Judge Luttig, and Judges Michael and Traxler. (2005). Padilla v. Hanft, 423 F. 3d 386 - Court of Appeals, 4th Circuit. Google Scholar. Retrieved from http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4248615015622681524&q=Padilla+v.+Hanft,+423+F.3d&hl=en&as_sdt=2,44&scilh=0
Rumsfeld v Padilla. (2004). Rehnquist, William, C.J., Sandra Day O' Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy and Clarence Thomas. Google Scholar. Retrieved from http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15130484144621962379&q=Rumsfeld+v.+Padilla,+542+U.S.+426+ (2004)&hl=en&as_sdt=2,44.
The line of legitimacy, separating socially approvable use of force from violence, cannot be effectively drawn without an agreement on what constitutes the optimum amount of force necessary to maintain social order and to protect human rights against encroachment. A society subscribing to infinite morality which condemns all use of force as immoral is doomed no less than a society accepting the absolute pragmatism of tyrants. "
As Oleg Zinam proposes, these two extreme social attitudes to morality are equally unprofitable to the societies that adopt them. The attitude of absolute pragmatism can easily lead to the acceptance of political assassinations, as long as such acts may help the final political purpose. An example of absolute pragmatism can be the regime initiated by Hitler, who ordered the extermination of all Jews in an attempt to "purify" the human race by excluding anyone who did not fill in the Arian ideal.…
Works Cited
Ben-Yehuda, Nachman. 1997. Political Assassination Events as a Cross- Cultural form of Alternative Justice.
International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol.38: 25-30.
Feliks, Gross. 1974. The Revolutionary Party. Essays in the Sociology of Politics. Westport: Greenwood
Press.
Prostitution is sex between two willing adults and one of the adults pays the other adult for that sex.
While it is illegal to be the prostitute or the John it shouldn't be. Both are adults, that is not illegal, both are engaging willingly is sex, that isn't illegal, and one hands the other one money. If the John handed the prostitute money without getting sex, he would not be breaking the law. If the prostitute slept with one man, called him her boyfriend and the only thing he asked is that she maintain her figure and be available for Friday night visits, and in exchange he paid all of her bills it would not be illegal. But if that same woman decides to sleep with a dozen men a month and let them each contribute to her bill fund that makes her a criminal. The bottom line is one…
References
Eggen, Dan (2003) Major Crimes Rose Slightly, FBI Reports; Incidents Up in Suburbs, Down in Cities. The Washington Post
Marshall, Gordon (1998) victimless crime
Dictionary of Sociology
Walker, Bruce (2002) Reparations, Moral Crimes, and Real Justice (accessed 7-30-06)
"One way to help to insulate your company from lawsuits is to offer severance payments in exchange for a release of any claims that the employee could bring against the company or its employees" (Blinn 2009). However, a more effective approach than keeping inefficient employees may simply be to have a strong company policy about discrimination. A zero-tolerance policy for harassment, a proactive approach to diversity, and actively recruiting individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds ensures that when layoffs occur, they are less likely to unfairly penalize one group more than another group.
To avoid legal complications requires scrupulous record-keeping and clear policies about terminating workers. These policies should be articulated as part of the hiring process. These should be in place before the need for any terminations occur for the employees in question. "Develop reasonable standards of conduct and provide them to your employees in writing…You should also…
Works Cited
Blinn, Bridget. (2009, February 9). Protective steps to follow when cutting your workforce.
Forth Worth Business Press. Retrieved September 21, 2009 at http://www.fwbusinesspress.com/display.php?id=9483
Employee termination: Things to consider. (2009). Small business notes.
Retrieved September 21, 2009 at http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/operating/hr/termination/termconsider.html
K. Comment: I agree with the majority opinion. The Constitution is the absolute guiding law of the land, and the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees that its protections will be extended to state actions. The Fourth Amendment guarantees a right to privacy and assures citizens that they will be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. The Fourth Amendment also imposes a warrant requirement for the majority of searches, so that most searches that occur without a warrant violate the Fourth Amendment. The search in this case certainly violated the Fourth Amendment, but whether or not the constitutional violations were as egregious as in this case should not be the determinant of whether evidence is excluded, because the Constitution absolutely bans all unreasonable searches and seizures. hile the dissent suggests that other remedies can help a defendant who has been subjected to an unreasonable search and seizure, the fact is that none of…
Works Cited
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961). http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=367&page=643
Indian Legal Environment Foreign Companies Introduction Today, International Businesses buy sell, India. It essential a foreign company planning enter India, understand culture, traditions peoples' mindset.
Conflict in Employment elations
The issue of conflict in employment relations presents great importance to companies because of the effects it has on the activity of employees and on the performance of the company. There are several types of organizational conflicts. The most important types of conflict are represented by individual, collective, overt, covert, and others. Based on the paradigms that these situations refer to, conflicts can be industrial, like strikes, breaches, misbehavior, sabotage, and resistance. The numerous causes of organizational conflicts lead to different types of conflicts and strategies used in these cases.
Job egulation Paradigm
Conflicts in job regulation are important because they help reach a level of stability and balance in the system. This objective can be reached by identifying different interests in the system. These…
Reference list:
1. Gardner, M. & Palmer, G. (1997). Employment Relations. Retrieved June 24, 2012 from http://books.google.ro/books?id=3ol8ZFDn5esC&printsec=frontcover&dq=employment+relations&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=v0nnT93DBo6SswaW0IzgAQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=employment%20relations&f=false .
2. Cappelli, P. (2008). Employment Relationships: New Models of White Collar Work. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved June 24, 2012 from http://books.google.ro/books?id=Kz8O9cEcFU8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=employment+relations&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=v0nnT93DBo6SswaW0IzgAQ&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=employment%20relations&f=false .
3. Gennard, J. & Judge, G. (2005). Employee Relations. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Retrieved June 24, 2012 from http://books.google.ro/books?id=FuUmIixUldwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=employment+relations&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=v0nnT93DBo6SswaW0IzgAQ&ved=0CFkQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=employment%20relations&f=false .
4. Pot, F. (2000). Employment Relations and National Culture. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. Retrieved June 24, 2012 from http://books.google.ro/books?id=-acyy7yNYgUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=employment+relations&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=107nT5_LIIPUtAbG1dyQAQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=employment%20relations&f=false .
Landmark Legal Cases, Informed Consent:
Implications for the Counseling Field
Many seek counseling each year and do not understand what services are offered, or even that the counselor they see is required by law to maintain the confidentiality of the conversation that the two of them are going to have. These issues have been clouding in the past and have led to many court cases that have helped counselors in every state outline exactly what is required of the document. The American Counseling Association (ACA), and the associations of the different states, have specific ethical guidelines which require members to provide new clients with an informed consent document to sign. State and federal legal cases have shown the need for a document which spells out what the counseling services of a particular practice are, what confidentiality is, and oftentimes how the counseling services will be paid (Walsh & Dasenbrook, 2005).
The American Counseling…
References
American Counseling Association. (2005). Code of Ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Bussey, G.D. (1995). Informed consent: Its legal history and impact on medicine. Hawaii Journal of Medicine, 54(4). 469-471.
Walsh, R.J., & Dasenbrook, N.C. (2005). Implementing informed consent. ACA.
Wilder. J. (2000). The ethical question -- informed consent. Medscape Today. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/414664_2
Ecumenism: A brief history
Ever since the beginnings of the history of Christianity, there have been profound divisions within the faith regarding the best and right way to profess one's belief in Jesus Christ. The Apostle Paul speaks of the division between those who believed that it was necessary to follow the practices of the ancient Hebrew in the form of Mosaic Law to be a Christian, versus those who did not; there were also divisions between the Gnostics (who believed that the material world was inherently evil) versus what we would call today the more orthodox Christians who rejected the Gnostics as heretics. Although the intensity of these controversies (such as the notion of whether God was conceptualized as a trinity, the legitimacy of particular popes, and eventually the split between estern and Eastern Christianity) waxed and waned in the Middle Ages, divisions once again were ripped open with the…
Works Cited
Campbell, David, E, & Putnam, Robert, D. "America's grace: How a tolerant nation bridges its religious divides." Political Science Quarterly, 126.4 (2011), 611-640.
Grundy, Terry. "First Anglican bishops join Catholic Church under new structure." Christian
Century. 14 Jan 2011. [1 Mar 2013]
http://www.christiancentury.org/article/2011-01/first-anglican-bishops-join-catholic-church-under-new-structure
Corrections/Police Intelligence
The Moral, Legal, Political, and Practical Dimensions of Assassination
Murder: The killing of a political leader or other public figure by a sudden violent attack. Destruction of something: the destruction of something such as somebody's reputation by malicious or treacherous means.
(http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/assassination.html)
In the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the New York World
Trade Center and the Pentagon, some attention has been focused upon the assassination ban contained in Executive Order (E.O.) 12333, Section 2.11, and whether it would prohibit the United States from responding to the attacks by targeting those who orchestrated these acts of terrorism. In considering the challenges involved in effectively combating terrorism and protecting the United States from future terrorist attacks, there has been wide-ranging debate as to what approaches might be beneficial. Part of that discussion has centered around whether assassination of terrorist leaders is, or should be, one of the options available.
~Bazan, 2002
This…
References:
Bazan, E.B. 2002. Assassination Ban and E.O. 12333: A Brief Summary. CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service Web, Library of Congress.
Grossenbacher, R. 1993. Assassination in modern America: Political participation through a gun barrel? Western Michigan University: Kalamazoo, MI.
Johnson, F. 1903. Famous Assassinations of History: From Philip of Macedon, 336 B.C. To Alexandria of Servia, AD 1903. A.C. McClurg & Co.: Chicago.
Padover, S.K. 1943. Patterns of Assassination in Occupied Territory. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 7(4), 680 -- 693, Oxford University Press.
This is further based on the following assumptions:
1. The company will charge $150 per hour for each client.
2. The company expects to spend at least 80 hours a year with each client.
3. The company expect to see at least 30 clients per year, which will generate a revenue of $150 x 30 x 80 = $360,000. For the purpose of this computation, this will be regarded as the selling price.
4. The company expects its yearly fixed costs to be $526,000. This fixed cost consists of the cost of staff remuneration, utility bills and advertising.
5. The company expects its variable costs to be about $344,000 a year, comprising of the cost of equipment servicing and maintenance, legal costs, and so on.
Given the above assumption, the company's yearly break-even point can be computed as follows:
The implication of the above computation is that LNS must service at least 33 clients per year…
References
Graham J.R., Smart S.B., & Megginson W.L. (2010): Corporate Finance -- Linking
Theory to What Companies Do. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Hubbard R.G., O'Brien a.P. (2009): Macroeconomics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-
Hall
policy, law and management. It is based on a particular background that has been provided.
Law, Policy, and Management Brief: Models of Court-Agency Interaction
Courts play a very significant role as they interact with administrative agencies. Administrative agencies are beyond the influence of the technical processes that are applied in courts of trial. The rules that are used in court trials are not applicable in the proceedings of agencies. Moreover, agencies also have the power to outline the rules that will govern the proceedings of the agency when there is no statutory provision. The agencies have been given broad discretion when it comes to creating rules to govern proceeding (Administrative Agency Adjudications - Administrative Law).
However, the agencies do not have the power to act like the legislature when creating procedural rules. The jurisdiction of agencies is the power that the law gives them to make judgment in controversies. In administrative law,…
References
Administrative Law - Administrative Law. (n.d.). Administrative Agency Adjudications - Administrative Law. Retrieved June 12, 2016, from http://administrativelaw.uslegal.com/administrative-agency-adjudications/
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2007). Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,18. Retrieved, from http://sites.duke.edu/niou/files/2011/05/Ansell-and-Gash-Collaborative-Governance-in-Theory-and-Practice.pdf
Bazelon, D. (1976). The Impact of the Courts on Public Administration. Indiana Law Journal,52(1). Retrieved, from http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent .
(2008). SHRM Online - Society for Human Resource Management. Leadership Competencies. Retrieved June 8, 2016, from http://www.shrm.org/research/articles/articles/pages/leadershipcompetencies.aspx
Once the practice of Islamic worship the women of that region began to be subjected to stricter codes, from marriage to dress and the risk of honor becoming an even greater issue grew. The terrorization by the Mongols and Turks was quite different from the terror under Saddam. The Mongols and Turks utilized slavery, rape, beatings and murder. Saddam instead took on an entirely different approach. His first goal was fear coupled with violence to maintain the plans he made for the society and culture. He was less about Islam and more about self-promotion and the glorification of Iraq. This type of leader is most like Josef Stalin of the Soviet Union. One never knew when or why you might be targeted.
Following the fall of the Ba'th government, the population of women in Iraq was at approximately 60%. They are a definite majority and should be in a better…
Works Cited
"AEI - Post-Saddam Iraq Conference Series." Welcome to AEI. Web. 7 July 2010. .
Chesler, Phyliss. "Are Honor Killings Simply Domestic Violence?" The Phyllis Chesler Organization. Web. 7 July 2010. .
Coleman, Isobel. "Women, Islam, and the New Iraq | Foreign Affairs." Home | Foreign Affairs. Web. 7 July 2010. .
"Culture in Post-Saddam Iraq:: Middle East Quarterly." Middle East Forum. Web. 7 July 2010. .
Gucci Company
Gucci
A Brief History of the Company
Gucci was founded in 1921 by Guccio Gucci. Gucci was an immigrant who worked in London and Paris. Because he worked in high-end hotels, he became enamored with the beautiful luggage he would always see. He returned to Florence, Italy, where he was born, and begin to sell fine leather goods from a shop in 1920 (Forden, 2000). The Gucci company was officially founded the next year. The workrooms were organized to handle industrial production, but the handcrafting remained. Soon there were additional shops throughout Florence, as well as ome and Milan (Bianchino, et al., 1987). The leather goods sold well because they were finely-crafted, but the leather was exchanged for cotton during WWII because of leather shortages (Bianchino, et al., 1987). The bags were marked with a signature Gucci logo. In 1953, offices were established in New York City. Jet-setters and film…
References
Bianchino, Gloria, et al., eds. Italian Fashion. Vol. 1, The Origins of High Fashion and Knitwear. Milan: Electa SpA, 1987.
Forden, Sara Gay. The House of Gucci: A Sensational Story of Murder, Madness, Glamour, and Greed. New York: William Morrow, 2000.
Horyn, Cathy. "Tom Ford Goes Out with a Roar." New York Times, 26 February 2004.
Steele, Valerie. Fashion, Italian Style. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003.
The initial MP3 founders backed by the open source model coded the MP3 software that speeded up the recognition of the MP3 audio format. (Behind the Files: History of MP3) at the time of writing the code for MP3 format, an array of compression intensities can be programmed. To take an example, an MP3 made with 128 Kbit compression intensity will have enhanced sound reproduction quality and bigger file size compared to a 56 Kbit compression, hence indicating that lesser the compression intensity, the lesser the reproduction of sound quality. (What is MP3, How does it work, what is (MPEG)
This accounts for growing acceptance of the MP3 format music files with the Internet devoted music enthusiasts since it is the perfect medium for receiving music files through the Internet compared to WAV/AIFF files with takes much longer time to get downloaded. (What is MP3, How does it work, what…
References
Allbriton, Christopher. King of All MP3 Players. 2004. Retrieved at http://popularmechanics.com/technology/audio/2002/9/king_of_mp3_players/ . Accessed on 30 September, 2004
Apple hits 100 million iTunes mark. July 13, 2004. Retrieved at http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200407/s1152412.htm. Accessed on 30 September, 2004
Blanchette, Kasie. Effects of MP3 Technology on the Music Industry: An Examination of Market Structure and Apple iTunes. April 23, 2004. Retrieved at http://www.holycross.edu/departments/economics/website/honors/blanchette_thesis.pdf . Accessed on 30 September, 2004
Brain, Marshall. How to Break Into the Music Business. Retrieved at http://www.mp3mall.net/php/howto.php?id=9. Accessed on 30 September, 2004
Commonwealth v. Berkowitz (1992)
Q1. Explain how the court came to the conclusion that the Pennsylvania rape statute required extrinsic force.
According to Pennsylvania law, rape may occur either by “forcible compulsion” or the threat of forcible compulsion which “would prevent resistance by a person of reasonable resolution” (“Commonwealth v. Berkowitz”). The Pennsylvania court interpreted this wording as meaning that direct, extrinsic force or the threat of such force was required for an act to constitute sexual assault.
Q2. LIST all the facts relevant to deciding whether Roberts Berkowitz’s actions satisfy the extrinsic force requirement.
Berkowitz pushed the victim down on his bed, straddled her, and ignored her statement that she wanted to meet her boyfriend and leave his room. When he lifted up her shirt and bra, the victim clearly said, “No.” Berkowitz then unzipped his pants and attempted to put his penis in the victim’s mouth. She verbally protested but according to…
Ethical and Legal Issues Depicted in the Movie, John Q?
From beginning to end, "John Q" is a movie full of moral and ethical quandaries. It offers viewers a clear glimpse at private and public entities' obligation to engage in ethically-right routine decision-making for their respective communities. John lacked the required health insurance to cover his son's cardiac surgery expenses. The Hope Memorial Hospital, electing not to play a "Good Samaritan," does not agree to perform the surgery without being assured payment. Thus, John is faced with the moral quandary of accepting fate and readying for the funeral of his son (as suggested by Rebecca Payne, the Hospital's administrator), or somehow procuring the money needed. Given the urgency of his son's case, the second option is rather daunting. Ultimately, John ends up holding emergency room patients and staff members hostage, to ensure his son is catered to (angura, 2011).
Another dilemma…
Bibliography
Bangura, G. B.-L. (2011, August 28). ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF "JOHN Q" MOVIE. Retrieved from Bailama Dynasty: http://bailamadynasty.blogspot.com/2011/08/ethical-analysis-of-john-q-movie.html
HubPages. (2015, December 26). John Q Analysis: Ethical & Moral Dilemmas. Retrieved from hubpages.com: http://hubpages.com/entertainment/Morality-and-Ethics-in-John-Q
camera was climb Mt. Fuji. Climbing Mt. Fuji is a lesson in determination and moderation. It would be fair to ask if I took the moderation part to heart." (Leibovitz and DeLano 1) -- Annie Leibovitz
Annie Leibovitz, born on October 2, 1949 in aterbury, Connecticut, is an American portrait photographer whose career has lasted over the decades beginning with Rolling Stone magazine in 1970. In just three short years, her stint in Rolling Stone magazine led her to her first position as chief photographer of Rolling Stone that she kept for a decade. She was the working force behind the Rolling Stone look and the rise of the magazine in the late seventies and early eighties.
How was she able to accomplish such a feat? It is in the way she connects with her subjects. She desires to open their souls, hearts, and lives to the camera. This intimate look…
Works Cited
Cunningham, Hilary. 'Prodigal Bodies: Pop Culture And Post-Pregnancy'.Michigan Quarterly Review XLI.3 (2002): n. pag. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
Leibovitz, Annie, and Sharon DeLano. Annie Leibovitz At Work. New York: Random House, 2008. Print.
Ritdml.rit.edu,. 'Annie Leibovitz: Photographs 1970-1990'. N.p., 2015. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.
GAAP is a set of specific common guidelines, provided by the institutions such as the Financial Accounting Standards oard, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Securities and Exchange Commission, about "acceptable accounting practices"
These acceptable practices should not necessarily be regarded as a set of ground rules. In fact, it is a common denominator, useful when foreign firms, especially auditing companies, proceed to financial verifications. The GAAP provide for an easier task from the auditing companies and anybody else who interprets the financial statements.
In the case of Legal Plan Services, the GAAP guidelines will provide the necessary information that will permit a common evaluation, a common ground on which revenue and expenses can be considered. esides being interpretable by more than one side, the GAAP guidelines are, in this case, rules which allow for the company's accounting methods to be understood by others and would permit, in the…
Bibliography
1. What are Generally Accepted Accounting Principles?. On the Internet at http://www.allbusiness.com/articles/content/17954.asp
2. Issues Related To The Recognition pf Revenues and Liabilities. The Financial Accounting Standards Board. March 2002. Page 1. On the Internet at http://www.fasb.org/proposals/recognitionrev& ; liab.pdf
3. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 48 - Revenue Recognition When Right of Return Exists. Financial Accounting Standards Board. June 1981. Page 4. On the Internet at http://www.fasb.org/pdf/fas48.pdf
4. Summary of Statement No. 33 - Financial Reporting and Changing Prices (Issued 9/79). On the Internet at http://www.fasb.org/st/summary/stsum33.shtml
Duty to Warn and Protect
Ethical/Legal Issues
The situation I have chosen assumes a subject of twenty years old who has attempted to commit suicide because his parents passed away in an accident recently. The subject has been under severe depression due to a string of traumatic experiences in his life. He feels despondent and is unaware of what to do. He feels that he is living without a purpose in this life and assumes himself as being unwanted and unaware. He has just lost the two people who according to him were the only two people who actually loved him and cared for him. He tried to kill himself recently by having sleeping pills. After being rushed to the hospital and having been saved, he is now sitting in front of me as my client waiting to be counseled.
Legal, ethical, and clinical issues of being a counselor
No maleficence will be the…
References
Schoener, G.R. (2009). A High Risk Situation: The Suicidal Client. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from Walkin.Org: http://www.walkin.org/sites/default/files/SuicidalClient_0.pdf
Schwartz, R.C., & Rogers, J.R. (2004). Suicide Assessment and Evaluation strategies: a primer for counselling psychologists. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 89-97.
White, J. (2003, February). Suicide-Related Research in Canada: A Descriptive Overview. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from Centre for Suicide Prevention: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/mh-sm/suicide-research/pdf/suicide_research_e.pdf
Faith-Based eentry Programs
Corrections
Faith-based initiatives:
Legal and logistical challenges in corrections
The separation of church and state is codified in the First Amendment. State support of faith-based organizations designed to reduce recidivism rates was permitted when President George W. Bush signed the Second Chance Act in 2007. The Second Change Act allowed federal funds to be used for reentry programs, including faith-based reentry programs. As expected, the legislation could theoretically pose some First Amendment issues given that it involves federal support for programs run by religious institutions, but given that members of the clergy are already a presence in most prisons, there has been muted debate on the topic. When evaluating the utility of such programs two central questions may be asked: do such reentry programs 'work' and if so, is the faith-based component sufficiently necessary to justify the potential blurring of the line between church and state, as articulated in the Establishment…
References
Gramlich, J. (2008). States want Second Chance Act funded. Stateline. Retrieved from:
PEW Charitable Trust.
http://www.pewstates.org/projects/stateline/headlines/states-want-second-chance-act-funded-85899387016
Muhlhausen, D. (2010). The Second Chance Act: more evaluations of effectiveness needed.
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