Liberal Education Essays (Examples)

If one has been "trained" in the ways of poverty, left no opportunity to do other than react to his or her environment, what is needed is a beginning, not repetition. The humanities teach us to think reflectively, to begin, to deal with the new as it occurs to us, to dare. If the multi-generational poor are to make the leap out of poverty, it will require a new kind of thinking -- reflection. And that is a beginning. (O'connell, 2000)

It appears that all students, regardless of class or background, need the foundation of the humanities. There is a tendency with the increase of technology to put more of an emphasis on math and sciences than the arts and humanities. For students to be well rounded, there needs to be a balance of the two.

eferences

Edmundson, M. (1997). On the uses of a liberal education: as lite entertainment…

References

Edmundson, M. (1997). On the uses of a liberal education: as lite entertainment for bored college students. Harpers. 9:39-50

O'Connell, K. (2000) Social transformation through the humanities: an interview with Earl Shorris. Massachussetts Foundation for the humanities. Retrieved September 14, 2007 http://www.mfh.org/newsandevents/newsletter/MassHumanities/Spring2000/shorris.html

Shorris, E (1997). As a weapon in the hands of the restless poor." Harpers. 9:50-60

(Added value from associate degree 2003)

Indeed, in addition to gaining access to jobs in corporate America, college graduates also have other advantages over non-graduates. The most obvious advantage is upward mobility. College graduates have a higher lifetime earnings than non-graduates. As a result graduates also have a better quality of life than non-graduates do.

Post Secondary education is also important later in life. An article found in the journal Social Work esearch, explains that the attainment of a college degree it especially significant with women during pre-retirement (Pandey and Zhan 2002). The article asserts that having a college degree can help in solidifying a woman's well being after retirement (Pandey and Zhan 2002). The author explains that this is significant because retired women are twice as likely as retired men to live in poverty (Pandey and Zhan 2002).

The article contends that, "Economic well-being after retirement is determined largely…

References www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001957173

Added Value from Associate Degree. (2003). Monthly Labor Review, 126(4), 2.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000964482

Boesel, D. (2001). The College Movement and Its Critics. Phi Delta Kappan, 82(7), 537.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001978419

Feminists, like Christine Pizan, who stressed the importance of female education and some of her male feminist contemporaries would mainly remain on the fringes as the classical form of education was reaffirmed as the standard.

In the 1970s, much of the challenge to female education was answered as the tradition of educating all people was accepted early in the development of the U.S. educations system, though it was not an easy transition and according to most inequalities still existed even in the late modern era. In fact there was no official federal department of education until 1979, yet this did not stop the progress of education.

Stallings 677) the marked entrance of women into higher education is thought by most people to be the beginning of the end for male exclusive education but pre-secondary education was available for women from the early part of the foundation of education as a…

Works Cited

Brown-Grant, Rosalind. Christine de Pizan and the Moral Defence of Women: Reading beyond Gender. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Clark, Donald Lemen. John Milton at St. Paul's School: A Study of Ancient Rhetoric in English Renaissance Education. New York: Columbia University Press, 1948.

Clinton, Catherine, and Christine Lunardini. The Columbia Guide to American Women in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Furniss, W. Todd, and Patricia Albjerg Graham, eds. Women in Higher Education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education, 1974.

Social Studies

How will the Current State of Education Effect my Future Profession?

According to several sources, the current state of social studies is something less than ideal by most standards that would value a liberal education. Students have been polled about their knowledge of subjects such as geography and history for many generations which offers a perspective not only on the current state of education in the social sciences, but also provides insights as to their evolution over time. One such measure is the Nation's eport Card which represents a series of assessments done on a sample basis that targets a series of student knowledge about specific subjects including geography, reading, math, science, writing, economics, and art (Williams, 2011).

These assessments are designed to be fairly static in order to make comparisons possible between generations of students and is maintained by the National Assessment Governing Board and the entire…

References

Rothstein, R. (2002, March 6). LESSONS; Going Beyond Mere Facts In the Study of History. Retrieved from The New York Times:  http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/06/nyregion/lessons-going-beyond-mere-facts-in-the-study-of-history.html?scp=1&sq=sam%20wineburg&st=cse 

Williams, T. (2011, July 31). A Progress Report on Geography. Retrieved from The New York Times:  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/us/01questions.html?pagewanted=print&_r=1

Education of Abbasid

Today, the majority of high school students hope to finish college one day. This is a realistic dream for many, as there is an established education system that gives students a choice of career paths and training. The modern world if full of universities and training centers. However, the world was not always like this. Many centuries ago, education was limited to the privileged and even the privileged did not have many opportunities in learning. Today's existing modern educational system has been influenced by traditions of the past, particularly by the great advances that occurred during the Abbasid Dynasty in the Muslim world.

One of the achievements of Muslim culture during the Abbasid Dynasty was the widespread spread of literacy. Elementary education was almost universal, especially in the cities. Emphasis on the value of reading and writing stems from the very first revelations of the Qur'an, which…

Liberal States Values

When curtains fell to mark the end of the cold war, countries like the United States who were the protagonists in the cold war era resorted to promoting international spread of democracy. This became guiding principle in the formulation of foreign policy (Lynn-Jones, 1998). Democratization therefore became America's next mission because it was believed liberal democracy would benefit the citizens of new democracies, promote international peace, and serve America's interests abroad. This paper supports the notion that liberal states like the United States are obliged to promote their values abroad.

United States of America is a country that is credited for having an open democratic space where anybody can air out their grievances without the fear of being shut up by the government. It is the hallmark of almost every person migrating to the U.S. To experience the liberal approach to almost everything, the liberal approach to…

References List

Hoffman, S. (1986). Liberalism and International Affairs. New York: West view Press.

Karatnycky, A. (1997). Freedom on the March. Freedom Review, 28(1), 7, 11.

Lynn-Jones, S.M. (1998). Why the United States Should Spread Democracy. Retrieved from http://belfcenter.ksg.harvard.edu/

Sartori, G. (1987). The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House.

Community colleges are well suited to provide many of these basic courses, both for students who will later leave for a larger college and those who attend community college for other reasons.

When it comes to who decides what courses should be offered at the community college, college administrators and teachers are better suited than students in the matter. Educators and administrators have a greater view of what students need to succeed in a job and at other schools. They are more likely to understand the trends within certain fields. Additionally, as advisors and educators, they have a responsibility to turn out graduates who are able to successfully find jobs based on their skills. While students may feel like they understand what they are doing and where they are going, many students simply do not have the perspective needed to guide their own educations.

While community colleges must offer courses…

Therefore, instead of requiring non-science majors to enroll in general studies science courses such as biology, chemistry, or "physics for non-majors," the only mandatory science instruction should be courses that relate more directly to useful information. For example, obesity is a virtual epidemic in American society; therefore, a science class in practical nutrition makes mush more sense than the traditional focus of science courses for non-majors. Similarly, computer use classes would be more useful, as would classes emphasizing the logical scientific method rather than substantive science subject matter. Perhaps if mandatory scientific courses related more directly to useful information and to beneficial intellectual processes, American presidential election politics would not feature potential candidates with college (and advanced academic) degrees who still believe that Creationism or "Intelligent Design" are more plausible explanations for the existence of human life than Darwinian evolutionary theory.

As pertains to the study of foreign languages, it…

References

Carter, J. (2001) an Hour Before Daylight: Memories of a Rural Boyhood. New York: Touchstone.

Gardner, H. (1991) the Unschooled Mind: How Children Think and How Schools Should Teach. New York: Basic Books.

Gerrig, R, Zimbardo, P. (2005) Psychology and Life. 17th Edition.

New York: Allyn & Bacon.

Education & Politics in the Classroom

The article "Politics in the Classroom," written by Lynne Cheney, discusses one of the crucial and important issues about education and its function to the society -- how history is utilized to propagate political propagandas for particular sectors in the society. Cheney focuses on how American history is taught to students with the intention of influencing students to believe ideologies that illustrate certain sectors of the society in a positive light, while other ideologies negatively portray other sectors of the society. The author discusses how gender, race, and social ideologies serve as the primary factors that affect America's history. History, as taught in schools, may portray Westerners as conquerors or colonizers, and Africans and other societies from the Eastern region as slaves, without taking into account the fact that, in fact, that "African kings or Arab traders for centuries preceding and following the trans-Atlantic…

Education

John Gatto is one of the few teachers who are speaking out against the current educational culture who knows what he is talking about. After teaching the state of New York, which has one of the highest per student budgets in the nation, uses many progressive teaching theories, and still produces some of the lowest test scores in the nation, his frustration comes from a wealth of experience. Teachers who start their careers with a sincere desire to educate students have their hands are tied by multi-cultural disconnectedness and a socialist teaching culture which discourages individual accomplishment. The frustration expressed by Mr. Gatto (Berlau, 2003) is likely only the tip of the iceberg representing the depth of the nationwide problem. From Atlanta to Minneapolis, news papers are filled with stories of failing students, failing schools, and school systems which are confused as to the source of the problem. Maybe…

Works Cited

Pink, Daniel H. 'I'm a Saboteur.'., Fast Company, 11-01-2000, pp 242.

Asghar, I. (1995) Constructivism as Substitute for Memorization in Learning: Meaning Is Created by Learner. Education, Vol. 116

Berlau, J. (2003, Sept 30) Teachers Discard the Union Label; as the National Education Association Pursues a Liberal Agenda, Many of Its Rank and File Refuse to Toe the Line and Have Formed Their Own Teacher-Advocacy Groups. Insight on the News.

HAINES, ERRIN. EDUCATION NOTEBOOK. (02-07-2002) The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, pp J3.

It is headed in the right direction and will surly prosper in the many years to come.

(c)Why were you able to accomplish what you did when you did?

We have been able to accomplish what we have because of the Land Grant College Act of 1862. In early 1848, Congressman Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont suggested that American colleges might steer away from the portion of the studies that had been established so many years ago and think about moving in a direction of having studies with more practical values. In 1857, he introduced a bill that incorporated leading reform notions in regards to technical education. He proposed that institutions should promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in areas that relate to the professions that people were doing (udolph, 1990, p. 149).

This act provided for the support in every state of at least one…

References

Andrew Dickson White. (2009). Retrieved June 15, 2009, from Cornell University Web site:

 http://www.cornell.edu/president/history_bio_white.cfm 

Rudolph, Frederick. (1990). The American College and University. Athens: The University of Georgia Press.

That means that educational theories and models need to change if we want to catch up and surpass these nations. It is also a well-known fact that Asian children often do better in school, and are more motivated than many other children. A look at the National Spelling Bee and other similar competitions tend to show a lot of Asian, homeschooled, and private school students, and perhaps this is where education should change in the future.

Schools should model themselves after private schools, which can sometimes be stricter and more geared to academics than public schools. Many people believe the quality of public education has declined, and while there are some that say this is not true, it seems at least in some areas, that education has declined, while teacher's salaries have increased and class sizes have been reduced. Clearly, something is not right, and America's children are playing for…

3. How did the American professoriate change and in what ways did the American Association of University Professors contribute to that change?

During this time there was a new idea surrounding academic professionalism that was essential to the creation of a university professoriate. The gradations of rank and promotion which included instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and full professor, became the standard. The ranks were tied to the institution that is conferring tenure and the privileges of academic freedom to professors who had gained promotion. Academic freedom was institutionalized beyond the individual campus with the creation of the American Association of University Professors. This group intended to provide assurance and redress for faculty members who claimed that their academic rights had be violated by irate presidents or irritable board members (Thelin, 2004, 128).

The formation of the American Association of University Professors paved the way for tremendous change. The American…

References

Rudloph, F. (1990). The American College and University. Athens: The University of Georgia

Press.

Thelin, J.R. (2004). A History of American Higher Education. Baltimore: The John Hopkins

let us begin by analyzing the Pharisees.

The term itself is derived from a Hebrew word which literally means "separated." Right from the ethimological interpretation we can deduce that the Pharisees were a group of people who saw things differently compared to the majority. This difference was manifested in the religious area, but also in the political area and the social one.

The Second Temple was the period in which the Phariseean philosophy flourished. It is worth underlining that it is this very philosophy and religious thought that put the basis of the contemporary forms of Judaism.

During the reign of the king Antiochus Epiphanes in which numerous pressures were being made in order to impose the Hellenistic culture and polytheist religion, an anti-Hellenistic Jewish movement was created in order to defend the traditional views.

This movement was called the Hasidim and the Pharisees are one of the group's successors.…

Bibliography:

Blank, Wayne. Who ere the Pharisees? From the Daily Bible Study. Retrieved May 6, 2009 from http://www.keyway.ca/htm2002/pharisee.htm

Dolphin, Lambert. Second Temple Times. Retrieved May 6,2009 from  http://www.templemount.org/secondtmp.html 

Essenes. Retrieved May 5, 2009 from http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/e/essenes.html

Essenes. From The catholic encyclopaedia. Retrieved May 5, 2009 from  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05546a.htm

But though the distaste might be the same on both sides, the degree and vehemence with which the two sides are opposed to these two ills are quite different. Both the ACLU and the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom appear to be against the practice of prostitution. Especially in areas where it is illegal (i.e. most of the country, but they also protest against police crackdowns on suspected prostitution areas and harsh punishments for convicted prostitutes (ACLU, 2009; NCSF, 2008). The stated conservative view is far more clear cut: both the epublicans for Family Values website and the American Family Association simply contain no reference to it, ignoring the problem completely (FV, 2009; AFA, 2007). Teen pregnancy is more equally frowned upon, though there are drastic differences in the allowable methods of handling and preventing such situations.

Sexual education is a major area of difference,; many conservatives advocate abstinence-only education,…

References

ACLU. (2009). Accessed 6 April 2009.  http://www.aclu.org/index.html 

American Family Association. (2007). Accessed 6 April 2009.  http://www.afa.net 

National Coalition for Sexual Freedom. (2008). Accessed 6 April 2009.  http://www.ncsfreedom.org/index.php 

Republicans for Family Values. (2009). Accessed 6 April 2009. http://republicansforfamilyvalues.com/

He believed, a bit more than Sophocles, that through behavior, humans can actually change fate. Fate does control, yes, but only punishes those who fly in the face of all that is just and divine. For instance, Plato would agree with Sophocles that Fate would have a hand in punishing those who rule via hubris, or supreme confidence in their wisdom and strengths. However, Plato believed that through acting justly and with proper political and logical behavior, humans can actually reroute fate and escape its wrath.

Aristotle was, arguably, the most different in his beliefs on how humans should behave, and the construction of their education, in this group of Plato, Sophocles and Aristotle.

By setting up objective criteria for human behavior, Aristotle prepares the foundation for his aristocratic political views. Perhaps the part of Aristotle's Politics most offensive to the general concept of Greek democracy is his defense of…

This type of education has worked best within societies that contain large amounts of oppressive practices, where the oppressed need to learn some autonomy. More developed countries however tend to favor the more traditional types of education (Werner, 2000).

Conclusion

It is important to assess the specific needs of one's own educational environment. Some environments, as seen above, would benefit more from the behaviorist philosophy than from the humanist philosophy, and vice versa. It is therefore important to establish an initial focus, determine goals, and assess student needs. When there is for example a need for strongly skill-centered learning, such as a computer-skills course, this would benefit little from a behaviorist methodology. When the course is however more flexible and artistic, it might be better to focus on students' individual needs and concerns. In order to find what would work best in a specific classroom therefore, once should assess needs…

Bibliography

Bullen, Mark. (2004) "Andragogy and University Distance Education." University of British Columbia. http://www2.cstudies.ubc.ca/~bullen/bullen1.html

Kett, J.F. (1994) the Pursuit of Knowledge Under Difficulties. From self-improvement to adult education in America, 1750-1990, Stanford, Ca.: Stanford University Press.

Merriam, S.B. And Caffarella, R.S. (1991) Learning in Adulthood. A comprehensive guide, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Smith, M.K. (2002) 'Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and anadragogy', the encyclopedia of informal education, www.infed.org/thinkers/et-knowl.htm.Last updated: January 30, 2005

("House Passes Bill to," 2006, p. A06)

Another general false conception is that "colleges are increasing need-based scholarships as opposed to merit-based scholarships... (however,) the College Board's annual report shows that at the state level, the percentage of merit-based grant aid increased from 10% of all aid during the 1993-1994 academic year to 26% of all aid in 2003-2004." These and other misperceptions, perhaps contribute to the fact most Americans don't pressure legislators to insure college access funding becomes more of a priority. (Chitty, 2006) "Ultimately, if America is going to continue to lead in the global economy, an infusion of public funds into higher education is essential," William Kirwan, chancellor of the University System of Maryland, insists. (Chitty, 2006) "If we in higher education take the lead in cost control, efficiency, and effectiveness, then we're going to have the chance to restore public trust and justify an increase in…

References

Burd, Stephen. (2006). Plenty of Ideas About Student Aid, but No Road Map. Government & Politics Volume 53, Issue 2,-Page A40. Retrieved 4 December 2006 from: bin/printable.cgi?article=  http://chronicle.com/free/v53/i02/02a04001.htm .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109643104

Camara, W.J. & Kimmel, E.W. (Eds.). (2005). Choosing Students: Higher Education Admissions Tools for the 21st Century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Chitty, Haley. (2006, June 1). "High access, low priority: the rhetoric related to the importance of student aid does not match reality.(FINANCIAL AID)," University Business.

Education is one of the critical aspects in the society especially in the case of the United States. The success of education relates to the ability of the relevant authority to adopt and integrate effective and efficient educational policy with the aim of addressing goals and targets in relation to elements of the society such as economy, politics, and social spheres. One of the critical federal educational policies is the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). This is the most recent iteration in relation to the context of Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA). It reflects one of the major federal laws essential in facilitating federal spending on relevant programs with the aim of supporting K-12 schooling. NCLB educational policy should focus on integration of new qualification standards for teachers, concentrate on the improvement of schools, as well as include higher-thinking and problem-solving skills.

Summary of…

References

Tavakolian, H., & Howell, N. (2012). The Impact of No Child Left Behind Act. Franklin

Business & Law Journal, (1), 70-77.

Daly, B.P., Burke, R., Hare, I., Mills, C., Owens, C., Moore, E., & Weist, M.D. (2006).

Enhancing No Child Left Behind -- School Mental Health Connections. Journal Of

education and the teacher-learner relationship from a Christian-informed philosophical perspective. It begins with an explanation of the author's personal worldview, and then explores the various philosophical schools of education. Combining the two, the author explains how they have helped shape the author's approach to education. ather than relying on a single educational philosophy, the author intends to combine multiple philosophies in the classroom environment.

Describing the purpose of education is an interesting prospect because education is a cultural construct, and, as a result, what constitutes an education is dependent upon the surrounding culture. In a broad sense, an education is the instruction and learning that a person receives, in both formal and informal environments, which is aimed at preparing that person to live as an adult within the surrounding culture. When one views education as a means of adapting the individual to adult life in his or her own culture,…

References

Brekelmans, M., Wubbels, Th., & Brok, P. den. (2002). Teacher experience and the teacher-

student relationship in the classroom environment. In S.C. Goh & M.S. Khine (Eds.),

Studies in educational learning environments: an international perspective

(pp.73-99). Singapore: World Scientific.

Education

From the first paragraph of his article it is apparent that John Marsh is questioning the value of a traditional college graduation -- ridiculing the pomp and ceremony that is part of the festivities surrounding commencement in Champaign Illinois. But reading deeper into the article by Marsh one can see he and other professors have given altruistically and generously of their time to help create a graduation situation (the Odyssey Project) for low income people in the neighborhood who otherwise would likely not have a chance to further their education.

Mixed in with his description of this alternative educational program with a very modest commencement ceremony is Marsh's questioning of the belief that poverty and other ills are caused by a lack of education. He frankly states that "education alone with not change things" and he believes too much emphasis has been put on education as the way to…

Works Cited

Marsh, John. "Why Education Is Not an Economic Panacea." The Chronicle of Higher

Education. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from  http://chronicle.com/article/why-education-is-not-an/128790/ . (2011).

Rose, Mike. "What College Can Mean to the Other America." The Chronicle of Higher

Education. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from  http://chronicle.com/article/what-college-can-mean-to-the/128936/ .

" (Montessori, 9) There is a counter-intuitive disconnect between the priorities of the educational system and the real-life demands of individuals attempting to function ably therein.

Here, Montessori speaks to the incredible irony present even in higher education, where students are essentially intended to be prepared for the real world but are instead isolated in a false environment where priorities such as a streamlined means of graded evaluation, a disregard for the physical or emotional needs of students and an overall proclivity toward isolation from true conditions of worldly socialization tend to misappropriate crucial transitional learning years.

In some regards, Montessori's work is relatively outdated, betraying its origins in the first half of the 20th century by criticizing an absence of services that are now present in many universities. Some of the better funded academic institutions do possess programs availing medical treatment and psychological counseling to students where needed at…

Works Cited:

Axelrod, P. (2005). Beyond the Progressive Education Debate: A Profile of Toronto Schooling in the 1950s. Historical Studies in Education

Beyer, L.E. (1999). William Heard Kilpatrick. International Bureau of Education, XXVII (3).

Calhoun School (CS). (2009). Progressive Education. Calhoun.org.

Davies, S. (2002). The Paradox of Progressive Education: A Frame Analysis. Sociology of Education, 75, 269-286.

My work experience and responsibilities have included retail and sales, and working at the Blackwell Hotel. The hotel is affiliated with the Fisher College of Business. In this job, I have had opportunities to meet many professors and graduate students from the College while working as a server for the Grab 'n' Go sandwich shop. This work experience has helped to increase my knowledge of service-related business practices and of people in general, professionally and personally.

In addition, I have worked in the past for my aunt, who is an accomplished, and very experienced, business entrepreneur. My aunt has taught me a great deal about the business world and about interfacing with varied and diverse groups of people in a constructive business capacity. She owns a business that focuses on helping women from all walks of life begin their careers through investing in their own businesses, and themselves.

In applying…

liberal and conservative are generalized blanket words used to describe political leanings. Generally, the term conservative refers to the desire to preserve existing social norms and values; whereas liberals are defined by openness to change and diversity. In politics, though, the division between liberal and conservative can assume more specific meanings. Identification with specific political stances on certain issues can be determined by one's status as being liberal or conservative. In the United States, the liberal moniker tends to connote support for social services through taxpayer money, greater regulation on corporate greed, and the promotion of civil liberties through the elimination of gender, racial, and other types of discrimination. Conservatives, on the other hand, are distinguished by their preference for patriarchal gender norms, espousal of free market economics and unbridled economic growth, and a minimal investment in social services or quality of life boosters.

While both liberals and conservatives in…

References

Christina, G. (2015). 7 things people who say they're 'fiscally conservative but socially liberal' don't understand. Alternet. Retrieved online:  http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/7-things-people-who-say-theyre-fiscally-conservative-socially-liberal-don 't

"Conservative vs. Liberal," (n.d.). Retrieved online:  http://www.diffen.com/difference/Conservative_vs_Liberal 

"Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs," (2010). Student News Daily. Retrieved online:  http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/conservative-vs.-liberal-beliefs/

liberal democracy? Who are/Were its competitors?

This article by Francis Fukuyama was written 15 years ago, in 1989, so when reviewing his points, it is important to keep in mind that the views he makes are dated. Though his views are taken 15 years ago, that should not make them obsolete, it is just important to keep the perspective of when he offered this paper.

Liberal democracy is, from reading Fukuyama's article, the democratic force that defeated fascism (Hitler) and totalitarian fanaticism (Japan) in WWII. Since there are no "viable systematic alternatives to Western liberalism," the author states, then liberal democracy must be the best system (although that ignores the huge power wielded by the Chinese form of communism). Liberalism generally is defined as a progressive form of politics, where minorities and women should be given equal rights with men, and where voters decide whom their leaders will be -…

Politics

In "The New War Between the States," Fund (2014) discusses the implications of states and cities that have high taxes, including income taxes, versus those with low tax rates. The author's thesis is that states with lower taxes foster economic growth, which is why many people are moving to those areas. In fact, lower taxes are being used as a marketing tool to attract investors as well as new residents. Similarly, tax rates are playing a major role in political campaigns. The author frames the issue squarely as being one of liberal vs. conservative political practices. Cities with liberal mayors, and states with liberal governors, often lose residents who flee to more business-friendly areas, according to the author. Union-friendly political practices are especially heinous, causing residents and businesses to sink "further into economic stagnation," according to Fund (2014). On the other hand, many states are lowering or eliminating state…

Reference

Fund, J. (2014). The new war between the states. National Review Online. May 30, 2014. Retrieved online:  http://www.nationalreview.com/article/379117/new-war-between-states-john-fund

Invest More in Education

Higher spending on education is an investment in our collective future. It is an investment in our children. It is an investment in our community. It is an investment in the future world in which we want to live. A more educated community has better economic outcomes. A more educated community has hope. A more educated community is empowered to create their own pathways to their dreams. A more educated community has the ability to understand what really matters, rather than getting bogged down in inane minutiae. This paper will argue that greater investment in education pays dividends for our world down the road. We have a lot of challenges to solve, and they will not be solved any other way. Investment in education will benefit our community.

The Value of Education

What anybody with half a brain already knows intuitively, that education is a worthwhile…

References

London Economics (2012). Assessing the deadweight loss associated with public investment in further education and skills. BIS Research Paper Number 71. Retrieved May 18, 2015 from  https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32281/12-767-assessing-deadweight-loss-with-investment-further-education.pdf 

Psacharapoulos, G. (1994). Return on investment in education: A global update. World Development. Vol. 22 (9) 1325-1343.

Schimit, P., Monteiro, L. & Omar, N. (2014). Cash transfer program and education investment: A model for social evolution. Communications in nonlinear science and numerical simulation. Vol. 19 (3) 570-577.

Solesvik, M., Westhead, P., Matlay, H. & Parsyak, V. (2013). Entrepreneurial assets and mindsets. Education + Training. Vol. 55 (8/9) 748-762.

Nursing Higher Education and Leadership
Clinical leadership is very important because of the problems that characterize the health care sector, including workforce shortage, high rates of change, staff chaos, quality issues, and safety concerns, among others. From history, the preparation of nurses for key roles in the health care delivery system is quite important and should not be overlooked. (Joseph & Huber, 2015). I am trained both as a clinical nursing educator and perioperative nurse. Clinical nurse educators attain that title after much experience in nursing. They mainly coach nursing students and the newly graduated ones. Perioperative nurses on the other hand are registered nurses who help in the surgical department in hospitals, day surgery units, physician’s offices and clinics. Their main work is to assist in planning, implementation and evaluation of treatment for surgical patients. (Turunen et al., 2017).
As such, the perioperative nurse starts her work immediately the…

The effort to create an educational system by blacks and for blacks reflected the determined pride that characterized the newly freed black community. Moreover, the emphasis on black education also pointed to the segregated social conditions of the south.

Fairclough's second main point is that white supremacy reigned in the south until the Civil Rights movement. In fact, black political, social, and economic welfare actually worsened at key moments in history. White southerners relished the notion that blacks would run their own schools without the interference of socially liberal white Yankees. Black educators in the south found that schools did little to promote the practical advancement of black communities. African-Americans continued to earn less than their white counterparts even after they achieved the same level of educational attainment. Continued white supremacy led to a gradual mistrust of black educators and of black education in general. Cynicism poisoned the potential of…

Education

Considering your analysis of your audience, how do you plan on gaining their confidence and respect and touching their emotions, and what style choices will you make in order to do so?

My audience will consist of college students and professors. Therefore, the audience will be an academic one, concerned about issues related to academia and scholarship. I plan to gain the confidence and respect of the audience with the rhetorical foundations of pathos, ethos, and logos. First, I will offer background information about myself to establish personal credibility. I will relay anecdotal evidence from people that I know. This way, I will be creating ethos and bolstering my argument. Next, I will create an emotional connection with the audience by relating my topic to their personal lives. I will inspire and motivate my audience to make meaningful changes based on the information I will present. The information will…

Works Cited

Bruinsma, Marjon. Effectiveness of higher education: Factors that determine outcomes of university education. Universal 2003.

Roen, DH & Willey, R.J. The effects of audience awareness on drafting and revising. Research in the Teaching of English 22(1).

Education: Social Foundation

Brown v. The Board of Education (1954) was a landmark ruling that not only marked the beginning of the era of desegregation in the school environment, but also served as a frontal attack on the practice and doctrine of white supremacy in the overall society. Many viewed it as a reprieve for the Black-American community, but as Justice William Douglas revealed in 1971, the de jure segregation ruling in Brown v. Board of Education was more than just a mere reprieve for blacks; it was a direct effort towards integrating the philosophies, policies, and cultures of different communities to make public education accessible to American Indians, Latinos, African-Americans, and Asian-Americans just as it was to whites. As it turns out, however, desegregation of public schools did not even come close to being the one-fits-all solution that many thought would address all the inequality concerns of minorities --…

References

Benton, M.A. (2001). Challenges African-Americans Face at Predominantly White Institutions. Colorado State University. Retrieved 28 January 2015 from  http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/SAHE/JOURNAL2/2001/Challenges.htm 

Boland, P. (2013). Catholic Education in the 21st Century. Journal of Catholic Education, 3(4), 508-520.

India Country Today Media Network. (2011). Foundation Helps Native American Students Overcome Education Challenges. India Country Today Media Network. Retrieved 28 January 2015 from http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2011/11/30/foundation-helps-native-american-students-overcome-education-challenges-65093

Krogstad, J.M. (2012). One in four Native Americans and Alaska Natives are Living in Poverty. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 28 January 2015 from  http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/13/1-in-4-native-americans-and-alaska-natives-are-living-in-poverty/

Democratic Education

Question No.

What are the principles of democratic education? How are these principles and values in tension/contradiction with our social construction of children and youth? For example, what assumptions do we make about teaching, learning and youth that democratic schools challenge? How does "one size fits all" centralized curriculum contribute to what Apple called the "de-skilling of teachers"? What is lost when this approach is adapted, especially when it is combined with the "intensification" of teaching? Explore the contradictions between what we say we want our students to be when they are finished their schooling (engaged, critical thinkers, active contributors and problem solvers) and how we are often educating young people. How does democratic education address this? What are some of the challenges educators who want to introduce democratic principles into their schools face? What are some of the potential rewards? How does democratic education address the notion…

References

IDEN International Democratic education Network. (2010). Retrieved October 2012, from http://www.idenetwork.org/idec/idec-english.htm

Apple, M.W., & Swalwell, K. (2011). Reviewing Policy: Starting the Wrong Conversations: The Public School Crisis and "Waiting for Superman." Educational Policy, 368-381.

Ayers, W. (1992). The Shifting Grounds of Curriculum Thought and Everyday Practice . Taylor & Francis, 259-263.

Ayers, W. (1994). Can City Schools be Saved? Educational Leadership, 60.

Education

hen it comes to pedagogy, the art of teaching, there are many different interrelationships among different theories of knowledge, theories of learning, conceptions of curriculum and approaches of broad inquiry for the purposes of schooling. Every teacher is faced with a challenge to effectively convey his or her message of knowledge and inspire today's youth. It takes a certain amount of passion and consistency to pursue such a career.

This paper will argue the validity of Nel Noddings' groundbreaking work on the notion of care and take a look at her book Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. The thesis born out of the reading will also touch on her other works as well. To pursue a just argument that the notion of care works today, this paper will also look at Aristotle's Ethics. By examining his work, the paragraphs below will conduct a theoretical conversation…

Works Cited

Aristotle. (1976). Ethics (J.A.K. Thomson, Trans.). London: Penguin Classics.

Cunningham, L.L., & Mitchell, B. (1990). Educational Leadership and Changing Contexts

in Families, Communities, and Schools. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Esquith, R. (2003). There Are No Short Cuts. New York: Pantheon Books.

Public Intellectual Essay

The introduction of critical race theory and other anti-colonial approaches to academic discourse has obscured the fact that higher education itself remains embedded in colonial institutions and structures. Higher education is a vestige of colonial means of psychological and social control. The political implications of colonialism in higher education include the perpetuation of hegemony, the suppression and subordination of alternative epistemologies, the ongoing political dominion over what constitutes knowledge, and the use of higher education to promote structures and institutions that serve the dominant culture. Although often an unconscious process, the ways colonial mentalities and processes remain entrenched in higher education are directly harmful to individual students and to society as a whole. Colonialism in higher education promotes a monolithic worldview that inhibits critical inquiry and creative solutions to global problems. By controlling how knowledge is defined, institutes of colonialist higher learning prevent alternative views and inhibit…

Debate between Liberal Arts and Job Preparation Skills
Liberal arts skills and job preparation or vocational skills are the two categories of the eight essential purposes of higher education. These two categories of purposes have had a significant effect on the curriculum of higher education over the years. Liberal arts skills are one of the most important aspects and central purpose of higher education given that it incorporates seven of the eight essential purposes. As compared to the job preparation or vocational skills, liberal arts skills are focused on general education instead of entry to the job market upon graduation from a university/college. It includes instruction in wider, central disciplines like English, Science, Math, and History and is centered on developing skills like critical analysis, problem-solving, and effective oral and written communication. Liberal arts skill is important to the central purpose of why higher education exists in the United States.…

individuals with the ability to understand their connection to the world around them is the fundamental characteristic of an effective environmental education. To do this successfully requires two important things: individuals that are inspired by and actively involved in the physical world around them; and institutions of learning that provide curricula delineating the individual's link to these natural systems and societies at large.

The current environmental educational system in America, for the most part, illustrates a mis-educative experience. The system is mis-educative because most learning still takes place inside a classroom. Students are not encouraged to explore their relationship with the outside world either by literally going outside or through their studies. There is little or no formal attempt to encourage students to make the connection between what they learn in mathematics, science, economics or business to other subjects or the outside world. Any learning is thus, compartmented. It is…

Works Cited

Hardin, Garrett. "The Tragedy of the Commons." Science 162 (1968):1243-1248

Orr, David. Ecological Literacy: Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World. New York: State University of New York Press, 1992.

- -- . The Last Refuge: Patriotism, Politics and the Environment in an Age of Terror.

Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2005.

Colonial Education

The Colonial Era's (1636-1784) adaptation of higher education as viewed through its instructional purpose and educational missions can help describe and contextualize the essence of its practices. The stark difference into today's world resembles little about what historians describe during this time. The purpose of this essay is to describe the educational missions of the Colonial Era institutions of higher learning and how they differ in today's world as a new evolutions of these schools are recreated.

Thelin (2011) explained that "their space was transformed dramatically to play a role in the American campaign for independence," when describing the synthesizing of politics, spirit and science into the higher educational institutions such as Harvard, Dartmouth etc.. It appeared that these organizations had a special purpose within the forming of the historic quest for freedom from oppressive monarchies and unfair tax systems, that sometimes reappear in today's world.

Colonial higher…

References

Crowley, B. (2013). The Seven Liberal Arts and Sciences. Staggs Application, 11 Sep 2013.

Peterson, R. (1983). Education in Colonial America. FEE, 1 Sep 1983. Retrieved from  http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/education-in-colonial-america#axzz2iBXm6446 

Thelin, J. (2011). A History of American Education. Johns Hopkins publications.

They also focus more on institutional support, like the need for appropriate funding for such educational programs, rather than psychological issues attacked to assimilation. Changing demographics in recent years in Canada have forced adult education programs to meet the challenge of doing more with fewer resources, as they fight, for more funding for programs designed to orient immigrants in the language and culture of the area. "As new citizens to Canada, they need educational programs to help them navigate the complex paths that citizenship entails and to upgrade their language, knowledge and skills to fully participate in Canadian society."

Unlike Ferrigno's article on education that accepts community criticism and a critique of society as a whole, Guo and Sork's see "adult education as an agency of social progress" in moving students forward into better economic opportunities. Adult education is "an important forum for building inclusive citizenship" more so than changing…

Hegemony Affects Men and Women Differently in an Online University Environment

The caliber of colleges and universities differ from institution to institution as well as from country to country. I have been to some in countries other than the U..A. And institutions that are non-profit and would say that these seem to be less hegemony-imbued than those that others and I have attended in the U..A. From what I have heard and experienced, problems of hegemony particularly seem to exist in the online for-profit universities that are notorious for offering degraded syllabus and programs, being more of a diploma mill and requesting money than offering education.

All universities and institutions that I have attended have slanted their education according to the politics of their country with curriculum heavily slanting to their specific country and criticizing those that opposed their country. I also found that, occasionally, the curriculum of these institutions…

Sources

Cunliffe, A.L.(2004). On Becoming a Critically Reflexive Practitioner, Journal of Management Education, 28, 407 -- 426

Elliot, J. (1992) Action research for educational change, OU press

Edwards D. (1995) Free to be human. Resurgence Books

Poon Chew-Leng, Tan, D. & Tan, A.L. (2009) Classroom management and inquiry-based learning: Finding the balance. Science Scope, 32,18-21.

esearch was the first to feel the effects. The shift in the material base of the university leaves the humanities entirely out in the cold. Corporations don't earmark donations for the humanities because our research culture is both self-contained and absurd. Essentially, we give the copyrights of our scholarly articles and monographs to university presses, and then buy them back, or demand that our libraries buy them back, at exorbitant markups. And then no one reads them. The current tenure system obliges us all to be producers of those things, but there are no consumers." (Donoghue 2008)

The idea in education is one of operating as a business. The academic partners within the university setting are essentially in competition with one another for funding and other resources. If the students with stellar marks from certain departments are highly recruited by business and academia, the department is heralded and viewed upon…

References

Bassett J. 2008. The Future of Humanities Education, or Ahab and His Humanities.. Interdisciplinary Humanities. Retrieved January from:  http://web.ebscohost.com.rlib.pace.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=106&sid=0e20acd8-7fc3-4066-9e72-d2da6278a966%40sessionmgr113&vid=1 

Bell D. 2010. Reimaging the Humanities. Proposals for a New Century. Dissent (00129846) Retrieved January from:  http://web.ebscohost.com.rlib.pace.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=106&sid=4f0282e4-a846-49e1-a8af-110652799ccc%40sessionmgr112&vid=1 

Pokrovskii N.E., 2007. What Is Happening to Humanities Education? Russian Education & Society. Retrieved January from:  http://web.ebscohost.com.rlib.pace.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=106&sid=44770a98-2f1e-4057-bbef-2bd93b6e1bb0%40sessionmgr110&vid=1 

Woodward K. 1980. The Humanities Crisis. Newsweek. Retrieved January from:  http://www.lexisnexis.com.rlib.pace.edu/lnacui2api/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T10928153278&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T10928153281&cisb=22_T10928153280&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&selRCNodeID=9&nodeStateId=411en_US,1&docsInCategory=11&csi=5774&docNo=3

While the functionalist theory and the conflict theory aren't so different in theory, Durkheim's functionalist theory at least offers a bit more hope for students and it doesn't assume that education is meant to keep people in their place. However, preparing students for life is rather elusive as we can see especially today where the quality of education differs so dramatically from state-to-state and even from zip code to zip code.

The interactionist theorists examine how the educator's expectations influence the students' functioning, attitudes and impressions. osenthal and Jackson's groundbreaking study for the interactionist theory approach occurred in 1968 when the researchers studied a group of students of average IQ. The researchers then pointed out a handful of students whom they said would excel dramatically over the course of the coming year. The teachers were told who the students were and the teachers were asked to monitor the students' performance…

References:

Dignan, Patricia. The Pygmalion Principal: The Impact of High Expectations on Students

and Staff Achievement. Author House, 2006.

Rosenthal, Robert., & Jackson, Lenore. Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher

Expectation and Pupils' Intellectual Development. Crown House Publishing,

" (itek, 1989, Ngugi wa Thiongo, 1986, Mazrui, 1986, 2001, Mamdani, 1990, 1993, Copans, 1990, Rwomire, 1992, and van Rinsum, 2001; as cited in: Nyamnjoh, 2004)

According to Nyamnjoh (2004) "...the elite have 'often in unabashed imitativeness' and with little attempt at domestication, sought to reproduce, even without finances to sustain, the Oxfords, Cambridges, Harvards, Stanfords and Sorbonnes of England, the U.S.A. And France." (Nyamnjoh, 2004) Education in Africa is stated to have been and "mostly remains a journey fuelled by an exogenously induced and internalized sense of inadequacy in Africans, and endowed with the mission of devaluation or annihilation of African creativity, agency and value systems." (Nyamnjoh, 2004)

It is related by Nyamnjoh (2004) that the process of cultural uprooting of Africans "has been achieved often through literally uprooting children of the well-off from their communities and nurturing them in boarding schools" and as stated in the work of…

Bibliography

Haileselassie Teklehaimanot Haileselassie, Ph.D. (nd) Ethiopia Center for Educational Information.  http://chora.virtualave.net/culturalfoundation.htm 

Tessema, Kedir Assefa (2007) Clinging to the Managerial Approach in Implementing Teacher Education 'Reform' Tasks in Ethiopia. International Journal of Progressive Education, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2007.

Mamdani, M. (1990) the Intelligentsia, the State and Social Movements: Some Reflections on Experiences in Africa. Kampala, Centre for Basic Research.

Ngugi wa Thiong'o (1997) Detailed: A Writer's Prison Diary in R.R. Grinker and C.B. Steiner eds., Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. Oxford Blackwell Publishers.

Policy Issues in Education Settings AB

Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities (APLU). (2010). "A-P-L-U-Sloan National Commission on Online Learning"

Retrieved from: http://www.aplu.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=311

"The A-P-L-U-Sloan National Commission on Online Learning was formed in May 2007 to engage the A-P-L-U Presidents and Chancellors in a discussion about the utility of online education as a means to achieve broader institutional priorities, such as diversity, retention, internationalization and accountability." This resource specifically examines the policy and infrastructural issues dealt with by four-year colleges and universities experimenting with online learning and/or hybrid courses. The longitudinal study is meant to offer comprehensive data about the specific challenges of integrating online learning into traditional college experiences.

C.J. Bonk, The Perfect E-Storm: Emerging Technologies, Enhanced Pedagogy, Enormous Learner Demand, and Erased Budgets (London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education, 2004)

This is a comprehensive publication reviewing the infrastructural challenges, including policy concerns, effecting colleges who integrate e-learning…

John Dewey and Charles Prosser were both instrumental figures in American educational philosophy and pedagogical theory. Both Dewey and Prosser were pragmatists, but each proposed a fundamentally different function for public education. Dewey stressed the importance of education for fostering civic duty and promoting democracy; Prosser remained more concerned with the role education would play in preparing children for vocational careers. Although both Dewey and Prosser believed education should be applicable to daily life, Dewey believed that Prosser's focus on vocational education might inhibit intrinsic motivation and the development of a person's natural interests, thereby artificially channeling children into specific career paths (Wonacott, 2003). Dewey believed that vocational education presented a danger of becoming too "rote, mechanical, and slavish," (Wonacott, 2003, p. 6). As Labaree (2010) points out, Dewey "lost" the philosophical debate over the role of education as Prosser helped to pass the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917, which ensconced…

References

Labaree, D.F. (2010). How Dewey lost. Retrieved online:  https://web.stanford.edu/~dlabaree/publications/How_Dewey_Lost.pdf 

Steinke, L.J. & Putnam, A.R. (n.d.). The current status of technology education. Retrieved online:  http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077&context=ojwed 

Wonacott, M.E. (2003). History and evolution of vocational and career-technical education. Retrieved online: http://www.calpro-online.org/eric/docs/compilation-history.pdf

philosophy that best reflects my opinion of adult education. Google "philosophy of adult education" and you will find essentially personal essays and thoughts about the philosophy of how and why adult education exists.

My personal philosophy of adult education is a result of my personal awareness of the essential purpose of education. From my view, education should be an empowering tool, which enables adults to attain their full potential and realize their objectives throughout their lives. In this example, education should offer adults the opportunity to augment their employment skills so that they can pursue the career they really want to succeed in life. I believe it is the goal of adult education to be able to identify the candidates of adult learners who can benefit from adult education and realize their dreams.

One of the main purposes of adult education is to enable adult learners to make the most…

Schall's book is to generate appealing and engaging conversations with learned scholars regarding the content of a genuine and dependable liberal arts education. In general, it surveys notions and books fundamental and pivotal to the tradition of humanistic education that has vitally fashioned our nation as well as our civilization. What is more, it makes the argument for an order and incorporation of knowledge in order to have meaning reinstated to the disorganized method to study presently dictating higher education. As pointed out, several students have no issues with the educational system or with what they are being educated. Without a doubt, a great deal of them are not able to perceive or not any sort of issue that is existent with the current educational structure. However, there are others, who "either from their family, religious, or educational background or common-sense experience will begin to detect that all is not…

Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students

Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate public education for all handicapped children. In 1990, this act was updated and reformed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which itself was reformed in 1997. At each step, the goal was to make education more equitable and more accessible to those with special educational needs. During the last presidential term, the "No Child Left Behind" Act attempted to assure that individuals with disabilities were increasingly mainstreamed and assured of high educational results. All of these legislative mandates were aimed at insuring that children with disabilities were not defrauded of the public education which has become the birthright of all American children. The latest reforms to IDEA, for example, provided sweeping reforms which not only expanded the classification of special…

It has been mentioned above that staff are chosen on the basis of the field expertise as well as educational excellence (Strayer University, 2010). Staff and faculty are dedicated not only to the teaching and learning process, but also to the students themselves. Input by these individuals concern the clients directly, and is provided in the form of direct service. All staff are available for consultation outside of classroom hours, to provide extra help to students who need this. In addition to such personal communication, education is also provided in a practicable way, so that students can use the education they receive immediately within their existing workplace or when entering a new profession.

Groups are identified both internally and externally. Within each campus, the University has functional groups in the form of various faculties, including Business and Management, Liberal Arts, and so on, to cater for each subject field offered.…

References

Silberman, Robert S. (2009). Letter to Shareholders. Strayer Education, Inc. Annual Report 2009. Retrieved from http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/STRA/916322741x0x353509/C4984D55-27AA-440A-B370-CE3D306CF2D5/STYR_09AR_Final.pdf

Strayer Education, Inc. (2010). Financial Performance. Retrieved from  http://www.strayereducation.com/growth.cfm?pageSection=growth 

Strayer Education, Inc. (2010, Apr. 29). Press Release reporting Record First Quarter 2010 Revenues and Earnings; and Record Spring Term 2010 Enrolments. Retrieved from  http://www.strayereducation.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=464858 

Strayer University (2010). CTI College Search. Retrieved from  http://www.citytowninfo.com/school-profiles/strayer-university

AustralianHE

'How to Effectively Market and Manage Quality Australian International

Education'

A primary focus for the nearly half a million international students choosing to study in Australia each year seems to be on obtaining a higher education; oftentimes it is because they believe it is an investment in their own future. For the vast majority of these international students the hope is that their education will lead to improved employment opportunities and a higher quality lifestyle, either in Australia, another country, or after they return to their homeland. Interestingly enough, almost half of the surveyed higher education graduates and two thirds of VET graduates were living in Australia, with most either already having been granted permanent residency or hoping to obtain permanent residency status.

Graduates who were working in Australia had a slightly higher level of unemployment than those who returned home, although most were working or undertaking further study.…

References

Anctil, E.J.; (2008) Recommendations for selling higher education, ASHE Higher Education Report, Vol. 34, Issue 2, pp. 89-98

Australian Government (2009a). Transforming Australia's higher education system, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, Accessed on May 17, 2010 at website:  http://www.deewr.gov.au/HigherEducation/Documents/PDF/Additional%20Report%20-%20Transforming%20Aus%20Higher%20ED_webaw.pdf .

Belanger, C.; Mount, J.; Wilson, M.; (2002) Institutional image and retention, Tertiary Education and Management, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 217 -- 230.

Bradley, D.; Noonan, P.; Nugent, H.; Scales, B.; (2008). Review of Australian higher education: Final report, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, accessed on May 18, 2011, http://www.deewr.gov.au/HigherEducation/Review/Documents/PDF/Higher%20Education%20Review_one%20document_02.pdf .

d.).

Online distance learning is completely different environment from that of a traditional classroom. There are different rules and regulations that must be adhered to. Class discussion often takes place via a bulletin board and more often than not also serves as a way of taking attendance. Students should expect to spend between two and three hours per credit hours per course studying every week. This is a completely different learning style that involves no face-to-face contact and often takes away from human aspect of learning. Distance learning is not for everyone, but for those who have the self-discipline to be successful it can open an entire set of new opportunities to get an education. Those who partake in this type of learning often find that they like the freedom that it gives them to get an education without having to be tied down to a traditional learning environment.

eferences…

References

Benefits of Distance Learning. (2009). Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Web site:

 http://fcit.usf.edu/DISTANCE/chap3.htm 

Fairfax, BJ. (2010). Distance Education Gains Popularity. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Online-Education Web site:  http://www.online-education.net/articles/general/distance-education.html 

Larson, Ryan. (2005). Limitations of Distance Learning. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Explore Online Degrees Web site: http://www.exploreonlinedegrees.com/limitations-of-distance-learning.html

Additionally, other students must be educated about disabilities and how to include others that are different. (Dybvik 2004)

Purpose and esearch Questions

The purpose of the proposed research study is to determine the effectiveness of the inclusive classroom and the best methods for increasing the positive outcome of inclusive classrooms. The questions to be answered include:

1. How do educators, parents, and others involved in the education currently view inclusion?

2. How do the views of educators affect the implementation of programs such as inclusion?

3. Are disabled students benefiting from inclusive classrooms compared to non-inclusive classes?

4. Are normal students benefiting from inclusive classrooms?

5. What educational models will be most beneficial to students in an inclusive classroom?

Hypothesis

The most destructive expectation of teachers that is harming the inclusion movement is that "Classroom teachers are expected to continue to use the existing curriculum." (King 2003) It is the…

References

Dybvik, C. (2004) Autism and the inclusion mandate: what happens when children with severe disabilities like autism are taught in regular classrooms. Education Next, Winter.

Hehir, T. (2003, March) Beyond inclusion: educators' 'ableist' assumptions about students with disabilities compromise the quality of instruction. School Administrator.

King, I.C. (2003) Examining middle school inclusion classrooms through the lens of Learner-Centered Principles. Theory Into Practice.

Murphy, T.J. (1994, September 12) Handicapping education - full inclusion of disabled children in classrooms. National Review.

Value of Assessments in the College Experience

The goal of college and university instructors is of course to provide the materials, the context, and ultimately the motivating and stimulating environment in which students may learn. But there is a deeper component that should be pivotal and present within the college milieu. That vital component is a process of assessment as to how well students are learning, which indicates how effective the instruction has been. Assessments are fundamental when it comes to accurately measuring the success (or lack of success) vis-a-vis the quality of teaching. Thesis: The overriding purpose of attending a college or university is not merely to engage in the process of receiving a degree -- but rather to learn and achieve a level of scholarship that prepares a student for the future; hence, without assessments the true value of that learning experience cannot be measured.

Classroom Assessment Techniques…

Works Cited

Nilson, L.B. (2010). Teaching at its Best. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Stivers, B., and Phillips. J. (2009). Assessment of Student Learning: A Fast-Track Experience.

Journal of Education for Business. 84(5), 258-262

Webber, K.L. (2012). The Use of Learner-Centered Assessments in U.S. Colleges and Universities. Research in Higher Education, 53(2), 201-228.

classical era, the ideal for higher education was to create a well-rounded individual. A complete education required in-depth knowledge of classical poetry, mathematics, and philosophy. Today, education is more specialized and more technical. It is also more bureaucratic in nature. There are a much larger array of universities available to individuals of a variety of economic means than there was in the 19th century. Also, the education students receive is more likely to be received in a public context, versus a private school or tutoring. Education within institutions is more standardized in nature in terms of the majors students select and the courses they take. The purpose of education has also become more career-oriented. While in the 19th century, British and American institutions often effectively functioned as finishing schools for the elite, today the emphasis is on career preparation.

With that emphasis and the growing cost of higher education (particularly…

References

Sanaghan, P. & Lohndorf. J. (2015). Preventing leadership derailment in higher education.

Higher Ed Impact.

Evolution of Special Education: Pre-1950s to Present

Special Education Evolutions

Special reduction has made tremendous evolutions since its inception. To effectively understand the current state of special education in public education, it is necessary to consider the full trajectory and how the perspectives on special education have developed over the years. The first special education programs were target at "at risk" children who primarily resided in urban slums and ghettos after a public education was made compulsory in the United States. They taught manual skills such as carpentry or metal work while other programs focused on teaching moral lessons to minorities. Later, special education began to focus more on children with disabilities. Although there were students that had physical and mental disabilities in the nineteenth century, making specific provisions for the inherent challenges that these students faced did not became a common educational priority until the 1940s. Since this time,…

References

Armstrong, F. (2002). The historical development of special education: humanitarian rationality or 'wild profusion of entangled events'? History of Education, 437-456.

Aron, L., & Loprest, P. (2012). Disability and the Education System. Future of Children, 97-122.

Lloyd, J., & Llloyd, P. (2015). Reinforcing Success: What Special Educaiton Could Learn From Its Earlier Accomplishments. Remdial and Special Education, 77-82.

Seave, P. (2011). Evidence-Based Practices Reduce Juvenile Recidivism: Can State Government Effectively Promote Implementation Among Probation Departments? American Journal of Community Psychology, 138-140.

America has long taken for granted its strong economy, failing to recognize dramatic and rapid changes to the labor market. Education is the number one key to boosting America’s economy and ensuring the future of the nation’s social and political health as well. The nation is dangerously falling behind other nations in terms of the quality of education and the preparedness of its students to meet the demands of the twenty-first century labor market. In fact, educational policymakers have been taking desperate measures to increase high-stakes standardized testing at the expense of a liberal arts approach to education (Hickman, 2015). America needs to reconsider its relationship to education in order to stimulate genuine student interest in high achievement. The future of the country depends on it.
Education in core subjects, particularly STEM, will remain the cornerstone of building an effective student body. Students need to be armed with expansive understanding…

In fact, it is difficult to imagine many other possible areas where increased funding and emphasis would equal the benefits of investing in computer technology in higher education. Computers on campus facilitate communications between students and faculty that provides much closer supervision and better access to professors on the part of students. Even in liberal arts studies of classical literature, computers allow instantaneous access to commentaries and many different academic perspectives from libraries and databases worldwide.

More generally, the current prospect for being hired directly out of college in one's field of study is not particularly good. In all likelihood, most new graduates from American colleges next year will not find employment in their chosen fields directly after college. However, all of them will almost certainly rely heavily on their computer literacy and competence immediately upon being hired in any professional capacity. Today, computer skills play a significant role in…

In addition, they were often enslaved by fellow blacks, capitalizing on the white man's desires, and so, another misconception about slavery is demolished, races did not band together; they worked against each other when enslaving their neighbors.

Slavery ended due to several instances, such as nations becoming larger and larger, taking over more territory, and thus reducing the areas available for slave capture. These areas tended to be small and weak, and when they were taken over, they were no longer acceptable for slave capture (Sowell 115). Serfdom, a popular agricultural solution in Europe, tended to supplant slavery, ending it there, as well. A true philosophy of ending enslavement began in Britain in the 18th century, before that, most civilizations did not view slavery as a problem at all. In fact, the people who first objected were extremely conservation religious members of society, but this is often overlooked or ignored.…

References

Sowell, Thomas. Black Rednecks and White Liberals. San Francisco, Encounter Books, 2005.

War in Afghanistan from a Liberal Pluralist Perspective

The term "liberal" has taken on a specific meaning in Western politics that is somewhat different than the actual stated definition of the word. The word truly means "favorable to progress or reform" (Liberal, 2012) and is seen as the opposite of conservative which is being "disposed to preserve existing conditions" (Conservative, 2012). These terms have become politicized and the groups which carry the two labels may be better described by the opposite literal use of the word at any given time. However, another term, liberal pluralist, is something else again.

The book "The Practice of Liberal Pluralism" discusses introduces the topic of how liberal democracy has changed from it original meaning into something that is wholly different, at times, from the origins of the term (Galston, 2005,1). Democracy is a government which is focused on the people being served rather than…

References

Bajoria, J. (2011). The Taliban in Afghanistan. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved June 17, 2012 from  http://www.cfr.org/afghanistan/taliban-afghanistan/p10551 

Conservative. (2012). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 16, 2012 from  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/conservative 

Galston, W.A. (2005). The practice of liberal pluralism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Liberal. (2012). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 16, 2012 from  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/liberal