The third factor that shapes the organizational culture is the relationship that exists between the employer and employee. As already stated earlier, Second Continental Congress stands out as one of the earliest bodies in the working relationship for perpetuating for the establishment of different organizations that cater for the security of the country.
Organizational structure refers to the level and nature of interaction between employees, supervisors, and management team who are at various cadres of job status. Essentially, U.S. military has adopted a horizontal form of organizational structure that eliminates a lot of bureaucracy. Junior employees, who are also part of the associates, interact freely with supervisors and management team. Problem and challenges are shared out based on equality, and every suggestion is treated with the importance. This factor has been instrumental in promoting the quality of collectivism rather than individualism (Driskill & Brenton, 2005).
Lastly, the national culture of United States…...
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References
Driskill, G.W., & Brenton, a.L. (2005). Organizational Culture in Action: A Cultural Analysis Workbook. New York, NY: SAGE.
Durant, R.F. (2007). The greening of the U.S. military: Environmental policy, national security, and organizational change. Washington, D.C: Georgetown Univ. Press.
Civilian and Military Organizational Competencies
This essay examines instances of planning for and implementation of information technology in civilian and military organizations that require similar organizational competencies.
hen the military adopted A-staff restructuring, it not only implemented standard business practices to improve communications and efficiency, it also communicated the news as many businesses would. The Air Force Print News website provided details of the realignment to the A-staff structure, much as a business' newsletter would communicate a similar organizational change. The article discusses the Air Force adoption of the organizational structure that closely mirrors the Army's G-staff, the Navy's N-staff and the joint J-staff. According to Brig. Gen Sabol, the effort helps the Air Force optimize internal communications as well as helps them communicate more efficiently with other services (Lopez, 2006).
The affected Air Force functions were to be re-named and realigned so that similar functions at all levels were referred to by…...
The ability to lead is an important trait in the organizational world today. With organizations encountering increasingly complex situations, leaders have a role to successfully steer their organizations through those situations. They must properly influence and guide their followers in the achievement of organizational goals and objectives (Bateman, Snell & Konopaske, 2016). Leadership ability is particularly important in military organizations. The security environment has become ever more challenging, warranting even more effective leadership (Laver, 2008). Military organizations now grapple with challenges such as craftier enemies, international terrorism, increased incidence of natural disasters, and reduced budgetary allocations. Internally, military organizations face challenges relating to issues such as personnel motivation and retention, capacity building, and veteran welfare. Yet, military organizations must constantly ensure national security. Navigating the increasingly complex security environment requires military leaders to have certain qualities. This paper discusses these qualities. Attention is particularly paid to situational leadership, integrity, people…...
With mounting pressures from market competitors driving ever-evolving business needs, firms are seen to increasingly count on information technology/systems for competitive advantage and attaining business agility. Differentiation can help achieve value creation throughout a business's value chain, via activities that create services and products that increase performance or reduce costs. Business information systems are pervasive and impact all points on a business value chain. Further, they also impact competitive scope, whilst reshaping how a business's offering fulfills consumer needs. All value activities of an organization possess an information processing element which incorporates steps needed for capturing, manipulating, and channeling requisite data for performing the activity (ole of IT in Michael Porter's Value Chain Framework, 2009).
ight from logistics activities to servicing, information systems carry out the functions of control and optimization, and hence, transform processes and products to provide more critical functions.…...
Communication is crucial to any organization as it provides the basis through which people share information, understand each other, and build effective working relations. Most organizations, including the military, have a clear-cut chain of command, such that communication therein is vertical. Vertical communication can be bottom-up or top-down, with the former being the flow of information from management to employees (APACOE, 2014). It provides the framework through which employees can make known to the management their opinions, perceptions, values, needs, expectations, to name but a few. Top-down communication, on the other hand, enables management to make employees aware of organizational projects, plans, visions and missions (APACOE, 2014). The effective combination of these ensures a conducive working environment, builds trust, boosts employee morale and participation, and ultimately leads to organizational success.
Importance of Organizational Communication
As has already been mentioned earlier, communication is vital for the success of any organization. The military is…...
Despite the high operational tempo though of the U.S. military, it is still an organization that undergoes constant transformation in not only to meet the various missions thereof but in keeping with the changing times. The changes that the American defense forces are contained in policy changes that originate with the National Command Authority and executed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff down the chain of command. Of late, two policies will pave the way for major paradigm shifts in the very fabric of the U.S. military. These policy changes are the repeal of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy banning acknowledgement of gays in the service and the gradual pull-out of troops in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Late in July 2011, President Obama along with Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral ichael ullen signed the certification for the implementation of the…...
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Military Transformation
For the last few years following the 9-11 terrorist attacks on the American homeland, the United States military has been overstretched with two major wars involved in (Iraq and Afghanistan) and several other missions ranging from low-intensity conflicts, humanitarian efforts to continuous training and exercises on its own or with allies and partners across the globe. As the only remaining superpower and acknowledged "police" or the world, the United States uses its military to project its might and ensure that intransigent nations or entities are made to abide by international laws. Despite the high operational tempo though of the U.S. military, it is still an organization that undergoes constant transformation in not only to meet the various missions thereof but in keeping with the changing times. The changes that the American defense forces are contained in policy changes that originate with the National Command Authority and executed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff down the chain of command. Of late, two policies will pave the way for major paradigm shifts in the very fabric of the U.S. military. These policy changes are the repeal of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy banning acknowledgement of gays in the service and the gradual pull-out of troops in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Late in July 2011, President Obama along with Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Michael Mullen signed the certification for the implementation of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT) Repeal Act of 2010. The final paragraph of the document states that "the Act is consistent with standards of military readiness, military effectiveness, unit cohesion, and recruiting and retention of the Armed Forces (DADT Repeal Act of 2010)." The policy or law prior to its development has faced several hurdles especially from those who are bent on not allowing gays and lesbians in the U.S. Armed Forces. At the end of it all, what prevailed is the rationale and logical decision that fighting for one's country is not dependent on one's gender or sexual orientation but the desire to be of service without any reservations whatsoever. Although there are still several days
Military Management and the Agency Problem
Agency theory can be helpful for understanding any organizational conflict or behavior, and applies equally as well to the private and public sector. Applied to the military organization, agency theory "offers insight into how military strategies relate to political objectives," an important consideration (Petrina, 2005, p. v). When it is applied to the corporate world, agency theory also offers insight into how executive decisions are made and how executives can become corrupt when they possess significant power and separation from agents or shareholders. There are differences in corporate versus military governance and organizational culture, but those differences to do not cloud over the essential applicability of agency theory to both the private and public sector.
A traditional view of agency theory as it applies to military organizations is that "civilians set oversight measures to monitor the behavior of the military and the military responds based on…...
military topic; exclude civil war. (I chose Special Forces) • All Research Papers 8 1/2 x
white paper, margins 1" x 1." • The Research Papers a minimum 4 pages typed information exceed 6 pages
There is much controversy concerning the U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF) and the missions that they perform on a daily basis because the mass-media tends to distort people's understanding about the military organization. Some might be inclined to consider that the Special Forces take most of the good men in the army and put them in a community that typically performs actions that most military groups would be capable of doing. Moreover, many believe that these people basically take advantage of the government's determination to keep the Special Forces in operation. However, most people fail to understand the training that these people go through on a daily basis, the fact that they have the ability to…...
North, Robert, "American Heroes: In Special Operations," (B&H Publishing Group, 01.11.2010)
Olson, Eric T., "U.S. Special Operations: Context and Capabilities in Irregular Warfare," Retrieved November 16, 2012, from the National Defense University Website: http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/images/jfq-56/8.pdf
Pushies, Fred J., "United States Army Special Forces," (Zenith Imprint, 01.10.2001)
Military Dualism in Culture
According to the argument presented by Scarborough, there is a persistent and pervasive divide between the cultures of the United States military and civilian, American culture as a whole, viewed in its entirety. Scarborough argues as if the United States military is a separate entity that stands apart from the fabric of ordinary, daily life as a special institution. Given the extremity of Scarborough's stance, and the author's perhaps own biased view from the vantage of the then-recent (at the time of the author's writing) Navy scandal, the attitude that the United States military is so unique it transforms within its framework members of ordinary American culture may be allowed to some degree. But ultimately, Scarborough's central thesis is problematic, given the leaps of logic deployed in the essay, particularly Scarborough's use of hasty generalization. The United States military is a profession and has a professional…...
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Works Cited and Consulted
Scarborough, Rowan. (17 March 1999)"Army to try video cameras for mixed-barracks safety." The Washington Times.
Scarborough, Rowan. (, 1 July 2004) "Zarqawi Targets Female 'Soldiers.'" The Washington Times.
The organizational change theory which best fits the organizational development and change of military organization is the "Teleological Change Theory." The top management and the leadership of the military realized the need for constant changes and realized the necessity of change in the organizational structures. The individual managers, the Generals in this case, have been instrumental in bringing about this change. Internal decision making and structures are more affected by the organizational change. In a teleological change, leader is right at the centre of the change, process, people and management. Leader is the one who aligns the goals, rewards, processes, expectations, roles and duties. Strategy formulation and implementation is based on the experiences from the ongoing processes. (Marshak, 2005)
It is important to take into account various factors while evaluating the organizational change in military. The size of the military and complexity of operations make it extremely hard to implement a…...
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References:
Murrell K.L. (1999). New Century Organization Development. Organizational Development Journal. Volume 17: No.4.
Marshak, R.J. (2005). Reinventing organizational development: New approaches to change in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.
Law Enforcement Agencies
I agree with the para-military style of organization of most law enforcement agencies. There are a number of facets of this type of organization that makes it beneficial to a governmental agency such as the police. The military has clear lines of designation between its various employees, with a chain of command that denotes authority and respect. As such, there is no ambiguity in the type of orders that must be followed -- the very structure of the organization supports ranking officers and those below them, who are compelled to adhere to the commands of the former. The type of danger that is paramount to situations that involve the military necessitate this type of unequivocal chain of command, which enables seamless action in times of danger. The types of dangers faced by the police department are no less hazardous, and therefore benefit from a similar chain of…...
The organization also seems to be rather adept at evaluating employee performance regularly and fairly. The organizational leaders have, on the whole, established culture of trust, in which employees feel free to speak their minds and express their ideas without apprehension.
CHA is not perfect, however. There are definitely some weaknesses in the organization as well. For example, some of the organization's leaders are not as skilled as they could be at handling conflict and negotiation. There is sometimes a lack of effective communication from the top down which results in problems that resonate throughout the company. When this happens, the conflict that ensues is not always handled as diplomatically as it could be. The "blame game" seems to be a popular pastime in the organization, which ultimately just serves to reduce morale.
My suggestion for overcoming this weakness is to send managers to training sessions on effective communication. In every organization,…...
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References
Bell, M.P. (2007) Diversity in organizations, Thomson Southwestern
Dessler, G. (2005) Human resource management. Prentice-Hall, 10th ed
Gilley, a., McMillan, H.S., and Gilley, J.W. (2009). Organizational change and characteristics of leadership effectiveness. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 16, 38-47
Military
Steihm, J.H. (1996). It's Our Military, Too! Women and the U.S. Military. Pennsylvania: Temple University Press.
This book is central to studies on gender discrimination and institutionalized sexism in the merican military. Given that the Commander in Chief is an elected official, and that more than half of all voters are women, it makes sense that women should have a greater say in the organizational culture of the military. However, the organizational culture of the military is stubbornly misogynistic and shows no real signs of change in spite of great inroads being made by female combatants. lthough this book was published in 1996, the themes that run through each of the essays continue to be relevant. The book addresses gender discrimination from nearly every aspect of its manifestation in the military: from differential medical care benefits to sexual harassment. Steihm (1996) shows how women can confront institutionalized sexism, overcome it, and…...
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Although the author does not focus exclusively on women in the military, Katz (2005) does spend a great deal of time on the gender discrimination manifesting in the military environment. The military organization offers ample opportunities for discrimination because it is a "old boys club," and unapologetically so. Changing the organizational culture of the military is no small job, but it must happen little by little with the help of legal counsel.
This article discusses the lack of access to health care services for women in the military. The statistics included in the article are alarming. "According to the Pentagon's own data, 52 military women are raped every day, and we estimate that more than 300 women are likely to become pregnant from rape in the military each year," (Korb & Arons, 2012, p. 1). Without access to abortions, many women are forced to carry an unwanted child to term.
Military
The colonists' most revered military institution was the militia, a model inherited from their forebears in England. The philosophical underpinnings of the militia model are easy to understand: "fear of a standing army," (Millet and Maslowski 1). A standing army can turn against its people, staging what now would be called military coups one after the other. During and especially after Independence, the validity, effectiveness, efficiency, and relevance of the militia model was called into question. This is why the United States Constitution eventually included the provisions for federalized systems of national security. Naturally, the existence of a standing army to "provide for the common defense" would be required. Independence required an organized military strategy against a powerful Empire; to protect the new nation, it was certain that the military would be necessary to preserve all that hard work. The Constitution therefore enabled the creation and maintenance of standing armies,…...
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Works Cited
Boot, Max. "The New American Way of War." Foreign Affairs. 2003.
Jay, John. "The Federalist 2." Independent Journal. Oct 31, 1787.
Madison, James. "Federalist 41." Independent Journal. Jan 19, 1788.
Millet, Allen R. And Maslowski, Peter. For the Common Defense. Free Press, 1994.
Fearfulness of non-state actors remains salient, but what is particularly interesting is the way ussia and China are singled out as nations with whom the United States is not currently engaged in war with but which nevertheless present peculiar threats. The Department of Defense's National Defense Strategy notes that China's blossoming wealth has also enabled the proliferation of its military, which threatens peace in the Straits of Taiwan and potentially beyond. ussia presents its own realm of problems, especially in light of the failure of democracy to take root there.
The supremacy of the United States as a global military power is an underlying message in these strategy papers, which are written as much to motivate and inspire as to guide policy. isk management is addressed within a characteristically confident framework, reflecting the overall ambition of America's military strategies. Commitments to far-reaching objectives in Iraq and Afghanistan are toughed upon,…...
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References
Department of Defense (2010). Quadrennial defense review report.
Department of Defense (2008). National defense strategy.
"The National Military Strategy of the United States of America." (2011).
The Norman Theory of Russia, proposed by German historians in the 18th century, posits that the foundations of Russian statehood were laid by Vikings known as Varangians. It argues that these Scandinavian warriors established themselves as rulers over the East Slavic tribes, bringing with them their political and military organization.
Essay Topics for Exploring the Norman Theory of Russia:
1. Origins and Evolution of the Norman Theory
Discuss the historical context and intellectual origins of the Norman Theory. Trace the development of the theory from its early proponents to its acceptance and subsequent challenges.
2. Archaeological and Historical Evidence Supporting....
## Impact of Military Police on Discipline and Order
Military police (MPs) play a crucial role in maintaining discipline and order within the armed forces, both during times of conflict and peace. Their responsibilities encompass a wide range of tasks, including:
Enforcing Law and Order: MPs uphold military law and regulations, ensuring that military personnel adhere to established standards of conduct. They investigate crimes, make arrests, and provide security to military installations.
Maintaining Public Order: In combat zones, MPs assist in the maintenance of public order among civilians. They provide crowd control, protect property, and enforce curfews, contributing to the stability....
The rise of the Ghana Kingdom is a pivotal moment in West African history, characterized by its wealth, power, and political organization. Numerous factors played a crucial role in the establishment and expansion of this influential kingdom, shaping its cultural, economic, and social landscape. By examining these factors, we can gain a deeper understanding of the forces that propelled the Ghana Kingdom to prominence and its enduring impact on the region.
One important historical factor that contributed to the rise of the Ghana Kingdom was its strategic location. Situated at the crossroads of major trade routes in West Africa, Ghana became....
Thesis statement: The concept of mission command outlined in Army Doctrine Publication 6-0 not only empowers subordinate leaders to make informed decisions in complex and chaotic environments but also fosters a culture of trust, initiative, and shared understanding within military organizations.
This empowerment of subordinate leaders plays a crucial role in contributing to overall military strategy by allowing for decentralized decision-making that is based on a clear understanding of the commander's intent and the mission's purpose. By entrusting decision-making authority to lower levels, mission command enables agile and adaptive responses to changing circumstances on the battlefield, ultimately enhancing the overall effectiveness....
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