This gave NATO the pretext to engage in the Yugoslav conflicts, but it did not do so until 1995. In the intervening years, NATO used primarily diplomatic means of dealing with the situation. The organization at this point was assisting the United Nations, and eventually took at the role of enforcing sanctions against the combatants. During this time, the conflict continued unabated, as the sanctions had only nominal impact. If the objective of NATO had been to stop the conflict, that objective was not met at all during this time. However, there is little evidence that actually stopping the conflict was the objective. The objective of 'managing' the conflict can be interpreted in a number of ways, but from NATO's actions the organization simply did not want the conflict to expand into other parts of Europe. There was a significant ethnic element to the conflict, and of course some….

In fact on page 86 Pane insists that NATO's counter-terrorism strategy "seems to be oscillating between the M (ar Model) and ECJM (Expanded Criminal Justice Model)." The problem is of the 19 nations in NATO, many members see the ECJM model as the best role for NATO and others (the most recent members) prefer the U.S. approach, a more vigorous pursuit of the insurgents.
Pane concludes by saying that the "…philosophical divide between west Europeans and the Americans within NATO over counter-terrorism strategy will persist and in all probability grow wider as NATO digs deeper in Afghanistan" (p. 86).

Meantime the Atlantic Council published an article in June, 2010, that states in no uncertain terms that "Today's NATO is not the NATO of the Cold ar…nor is it even the NATO of just a decade ago" (Gorka, et al., 2010, p. 1). The article goes into NATO's original mission in some….

As it related to the cold war the research indicates that the Marshall Plan and NATO created a strong alliance between the democratic superpowers led by the United States. This alliance was unified in their endeavors to prevent the spread of communism.
eferences

THE MASHALL PLAN (1947). United States Department of State http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/democrac/57.htm

Agnew J. And Entrikin J.N. (2004) the Marshall Plan Today: Model and Metaphor. outledge: London.

Bonds J.B. (2002) Bipartisan Strategy: Selling the Marshall Plan. Praeger. Place of Publication: Westport, CT.

Carpenter T.G., Conry B. (2001) NATO Enlargement: Illusions and eality. Cato Institute: Washington, DC.

Cohen L.J., Moens a., Allen G. NATO and European Security: Alliance Politics from the End of the Cold War to the Age of Terrorism. Contributors:. Publisher: Praeger. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 2003.

Duignan P.J. And Gann L.H. (1997) the Marshall Plan. The Hoover Institution. http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3550632.html

Haftendorn, H.K., (1996) NATO and the Nuclear evolution: A Crisis of Credibility,….

European states generally backed NATO and the U.S. In the fight against terrorism. However, the EU appeared to be skeptical a propos the principal aims of the war and highlighted the fact that they were only willing to assume responsibility for their own actions in Afghanistan, claiming that they were primarily interested in defending the concept of peace through eliminating the terrorist threat. In an attempt to support the Afghanistan intervention, the EU has focused on investing as little finances as possible concomitantly with committing an effective strategy meant to guarantee that its mission would not be impeded.

NATO authorities acknowledged the fact that Russia assistance should not be ignored and that the country played an essential role in the Afghanistan Intervention. Considering Russia's complex military system and that the country was close to the Middle Eastern strategic point, it seems natural that NATO was dedicated to have Putin join the….

NATO Continuous Acquisition & Life-Cycle Support (CALS)
The paper commence with a brief background and definition for CALS followed by an introduction. Addressed next is a glance at the Multi-National Program perspective, view of the government, industrialists and business for CALS.

What is NATO CALS, its mission, basic components and polices are briefed in the next section. At the same time, how its goes digital is also highlighted briefly in the paper. From the Defense System (DS) perspective, to close overview of the Staged Process for Through Life Information Management (TLIM) and Life Information Management (LIM), gives a clear vision of how NATO Continuous Acquisition & Life-Cycle Support (CALS) should go about.

Background & Definition

Proposed in 1985, the United States Department of Defense introduced the Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support (CALS) in order to increase the digital product information use and; obtain and support defense systems.

Thus, CALS can be described as a combined….

NATO Defense Against Terrorism
The objective of this study is to examine NATO's defense against terrorism and specifically to do so through examination of a PowerPoint presentation entitled "Financing of Terrorism -- Suicide Bombing" presented at the Center of Excellence -- Defense Against Terrorism: Ankara International Workshop May 24-25, 2007 and prepared by Nick idley, associate researcher, John Grieve Centre, London Metropolitan University.

NATO'S Counter-Terrorism eport

The NATO publication entitled "Countering Terrorism" relates that fighting terrorism is on the top of NATO's agenda. The 'Strategic Concept' and the 'Lisbon Summit Declaration' clearly state that terrorism is a threat that is real and formidable in terms of the Alliance's safety and security and the safety and security of the NATO Alliance members. NATO reports that terrorism by nature is "multifaceted" and because of this NATO acknowledges that this is a challenge that the international community had to address in cooperation.

The threats of terrorism are….

The European security and defence policy (ESDP) aims to allow the Union to develop its civilian and military capacities for crisis management and conflict prevention at international level, thus helping to maintain peace and international security, in accordance with the United Nations Charter." The Petersberg type missions done in association with the WEU were among the first steps taken to increase the voice of Europe on the international scene in the matter of security capabilities. However, they were abandoned or at least left aside due to the increased desire to develop the Union's own military capabilities and to become a relevant partner in insuring world security.
The most important challenge for the European Defence however came once the option of the war in Iraq appeared. In 2003 it was clear that there were different opinions arguing for and against the U.S. led military intervention. In this sense "the Iraq crisis….

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Communist Bloc, the states of Eastern Europe sought to reassert themselves as independent political entities. Milosevic presented many of his activities in a nationalist context. The moves toward "ethnic cleansing" were part of a larger campaign to solidify the new Yugoslavia as an ethnically homogenous Serb Christian state. The artificial order of Communism was going to be replaced by something of natural, domestic origin. The conflict between Christian and Muslim had been going on for centuries. Milosevic was merely attempting to achieve what others before him had not. Added to this particular brand of nativist reasoning was also the notion that Yugoslavia, along with other formerly communist Eastern European nations, should be permitted to govern its own affairs free of outside interference. At the time, in fact, many argued that a NATO intervention on the grounds of bringing a "better,"….

NATO was founded in the post-WWII environment as a means of Western nations defending their interests against the Soviet Union. With the fall of the U.S.S.. and the ending of the Cold War, the role of NATO has changed, and to a point it is still going through those changes. The initial concept of NATO was to combine North America and Western Europe in military alliance, capable of and willing to respond with nuclear force if there were any Soviet attacks on its members. This was in response to the Soviet-backed overthrow of the democratic government in Czechoslovakia. By 1952, Mediterranean countries like Greece and Turkey were in NATO, which served as an extension of all nations with Western democratic values.
The first major operation after the end of the Cold War came in the Balkans in the 1990s. NATO at this time sought to preserve the security of its members….

ussia NATO relations
ussia was among the main opponents of NATO countries and despite this there is a history of collaboration between NATO and ussia which dates way back in 1991.This was when ussia became part of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. The ussian Federation in 1994 took part in a project titled partnership for peace and in 1997; the founding act of the NATO-ussian council was signed in France. It was to cover issues regarding security, mutual relations and security between NATO and ussia. There was the establishment of a diplomatic mission from ussia to NATO in 1998.

The relations between ussia and NATO continued developing as a result of the establishment of NATO-ussia council in 2002. ussia is however not a member of NATO and is not interested in joining its ranks (Bohm, 2010).However, the ussian ministry of defense carries out joint exercises together with NATO, as well as rescue….

S. led forces.
Also, another drawback for the plan set in place was precisely the cosmopolite nature of the forces. Indeed, the actions taken in Afghanistan enjoyed a wider international support by comparison to the war in Iraq. Nonetheless, the specificities of each group taking part in the international effort took their toll on the fluency of the activities. The lack of coordination can be considered as being a natural result of the limited amount of time had for the establishment of the contingencies taking part in the operations and for the ambiguous nature of the mandate they were given. From this point-of-view, the results even if they were important for the population, were less than expected.

NATO got involved in the wider project for reconstruction of Afghanistan also through the Senior Civilian Representative, "the political leadership of the Alliance in Kabul officially and publicly (and) provides a direct channel of communication….

Kennedys 1963 Europe TripKennedy felt the need to strengthen the Atlantic alliance in 1963 for a number of reasons. He was suspicious of Gen. De Gaulles motives in backing away from the alliance in so far as France appeared to be withdrawing from NATO and promising not to help NATO defend the West in the case of an attack from the East. De Gaulle had stated that he would not help pay for NATO, and Kennedy viewed that France was, in its own way, trying to divide the West. Pick described Kennedys viewpoint in 1963 by writing: the President has evidently become convinced that General de Gaulle will stop at virtually nothing to divide Western Europe from Britain and the US. His actions are considered to have gone beyond mere nuisance value. The US resents the fact that the French decision against paying for United Nations peace-keeping operations was recently….

Introduction The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949 as part of the post-war effort among the nations of the West to work together to establish the peace. Throughout the Cold War, NATO was more of a symbol than an actual military alliance. It was not until the Cold War ended that the first joint military NATO operations were conducted. The first was in 1990 and the second in 1991—Anchor Guard and Ace Guard were NATO’s response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. The Gulf War that followed, based on Bush’s trumpeting of the same kind of unsubstantiated claims that his son would make with U.S.’s second Middle Eastern intervention, was the first demonstration of NATO’s force[footnoteRef:2]—i.e., NATO as a wing of the U.S. military and a kind of political and international justification and show of support for what Bush wanted to do to Saddam Hussein. Bush used NATO forces….

NATO and ussia: Selected EssaysEssay #1\\\"NATO should not be considered the most successful military alliance in the history because it \\\"won\\\" the Cold War by default. Taking into consideration that Europe failed to field sufficient conventional military forces, the Cold War ended not because of effective Atlantic containment, but because of the internal demise of the Warsaw Pact and the USS.\\\" Discuss and opinionate. In your essay, explain, exemplify, and assess the impact of the considerable disagreements and dissent between the US and its European allies during the Cold War. What was the role of Transatlantic relations and of NATO in ending the Cold War? Explain and justify.Although many Americans and Western Europeans today believe that the primary catalyst for the end of the Cold War was President onald eagans call to the Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev in 1987 to, Tear down this wall, the actual causes are far more….

S.-USS confrontation ended, the future of the alliance would lie in its role to strike a balance between the new poles of power that would emerge in the coming decades.
Due to the lack of vision concerning the future evolution of the international system, there was little agreement on how to actually proceed in reestablishing and redefining the role and scope of NATO. This is why some scholars considered that the immediate years following the end of the Cold War were marked by a high degree of uncertainty arguing that the aims set forth in 1991 were vague and without a clear determination in time and space (Foster and Williams, 2001). The leaders of the Alliance needed, according to the realist and neorealist vision a new common threat or common goal that would keep the Cold War unity unchanged. In this sense, Europeans considered the cooperation with the U.S. To be….

Ageism is the practicing of discrimination against people based on their age.  While the term does not specify the age of the people experiencing discrimination, ageism has most often been used to describe discrimination against older people, particularly seniors. There are multiple components to ageism, as age is used in a discriminatory manner for a variety of types of decision-making, from personal choices to policy choices.

There are many topics you could focus on when writing about ageism.  Much of the research in the area has been done in the context of the job market, where....

As you are probably already aware, applied behavioral analysis (ABA) therapy as a treatment modality for people on the Autism spectrum is incredibly controversial.  While ABA therapy was once seen as the ultimate treatment and the most successful means of helping people with Autism function in a neurotypical world, many adults with Autism report experiencing ABA therapy as a dehumanizing approach.  The goal of ABA therapy is to make people with Autism appear “normal,” but there are very valid questions about whether this is ethical.  For some people with Autism, the approach....

What is the history of nursing in Ghana?

Many articles that explore the history of nursing are very focused on the evolution and history of nursing in the Western world, which leads people to mistakenly conclude that nursing evolved in the West and then was transported to other parts of the world, including Ghana.  On the contrary, Ghana has a rich tradition of nurses as healthcare practitioners and the profession evolved in Ghana alongside developments in other parts of the world. The history of nursing in Ghana may not contain any figures as....

Impact of Electronic Medical Records on Patient Care

The benefits and challenges of using electronic medical records (EMRs) in healthcare delivery
How EMRs have improved the accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility of patient information
The role of EMRs in reducing medical errors and improving patient safety
The potential risks to patient privacy and security associated with EMRs
The impact of EMRs on the patient-physician relationship and trust

Technological Considerations for EMR Implementation

The key technological requirements and challenges for successful EMR implementation
The different types of EMR systems available and their respective strengths and weaknesses
The importance of data interoperability and standards....