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¶ … animals -- whether they are carnivorous, omnivorous, or herbivorous -- depend upon the mechanisms of photosynthesis as a source of food. Carnivorous and omnivorous animals eat other animals as a source of food, but prey animals such as herbivores consume plants as a source of energy. And oxygen, the by-product of plant photosynthesis, enables all animal life on land and in the water to breathe. The chlorophylls and carotenoids, the pigments present in the plant's cellular structure, absorb sunlight and convert it into energy, producing oxygen as a byproduct. Sunlight is transformed into ATP in plants. ATP enables the synthesizing of glucose from carbon dioxide and water within the plant's cellular membranes. "Glucose subunits are joined together, forming starch and other molecules," and producing oxygen for animal life as a by-product (Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, 2010, Aquarium project website). Depending on where the plants are located, the oxygen is released into either the atmosphere or the water.
In aerobic respiration in animals, or respiration in the presence of oxygen, energy is released through the breakdown of glucose and other organic compounds. "Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP for each glucose molecule…In-between are three stages of reactions. The first stage is glycolysis, the second [is] the Krebs cycle, and the third [stage] is the electron transport phosphorylation reactions" (Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, 2010, Aquarium project website). Through aerobic respiration, released...
Carbon dioxide and water are released as by-products, which are then used by plants in the processes of photosynthesis. The cycle of respiration between animals and plants is thus symbiotic and balanced, as one form of life produces the necessary products to sustain the other life form's respiratory and essential life activities.
Q2. Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration. The anaerobic respiration pathway breaks glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon compound. The process of breaking down glucose into pyurvate is called glycolosis. Pyruvate molecules can be converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide or into lactic acid, the substance that is also used to make yogurt. Animals' muscles, including human animals, also manufacture lactic acid during periods of "prolonged exercise" (Fermentation and anaerobic respiration, 2010, AP Study Guide). The build-up of lactic acid during exercise is most often experienced as 'cramping.' Energy from the sun is still involved in anaerobic respiration, as anaerobic respiration involves the breakdown of ATP through glycolosis. However, aerobic respiration is not as efficient as aerobic respiration, as energy molecules are still 'left over' at the end of the chemical conversion Fermentation and anaerobic respiration, 2010, AP Study Guide).
During anaerobic respiration "the organism invests…
References
Fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (2010). AP Study Guide. Retrieved January 5, 2010 at http://advice.tutors-connect.com/216/ap-biology-study-guide-part-9-fermentation-and-anerobic-respiration/
Kimball, John. (2010, May). Enzymes. Kimball's Biology Pages. Retrieved January 5, 2010 at http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Enzymes.html
Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. (2010). Aquarium project website.
Retrieved January 5, 2010 at http://webpages.charter.net/kwingerden/erhs/aquarium/photosyn.htm
AP Wire. (8 Mar 2005) "Anti - Monopoly Agency Rules Against Intel. The New York Times. Business News. Retrieved 8 Mar 2005 at http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/business/AP-Japan-Intel.html One of the central concerns regarding government regulation of businesses and the establishment of monopolies is to protect the consumer by creating an open sphere of market competition. But what of a marketplace where a non-sanctioned monopoly has ensued where the consumer is not being unduly harmed?
The breach itself remains mysterious and there are not any definitive theories that have approached a complete breakdown of how this breach occurred. Ngak (2013) proposed that "A hacking group going by the name of the Syrian Electric Army has claimed that they are responsible for the breaches. Typically, the hackers spread political messages and misinformation." No real concrete data has been gathered about this group and has not been confirmed
Abraham Path Initiative The Abraham Path: The evolution of the enterprise over time One of the most divisive regions of the world is the Middle East. The Middle East is fraught with conflict not simply because of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian territorial dispute but also because of a host regional and sectarian struggles that are tearing this area of the world apart. With this in mind: "in the face of daunting barriers,
This lack of trust within the supply chain has a rippling effect across the flow of goods and services, and should therefore be addressed with a high degree of priority. Trust must be built through a process of regular communication across the supply chain, which includes all parties involved in the flow of goods. Communication can be established by a variety of means. In addition to electronic communication, face-to-face communication
I intend to pursue a career in medicine, a career that I regard as a calling as well as an aspiration. My sports activities have disciplined me, toughened me, and honed my competitive instincts in a way that I believe is necessary for pre-medical studies, and later, perhaps, for medical school. I intend to enter the health care field, either a practitioner, or perhaps from a business angle, as
Whirlpool Whirl Pool Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Critical appraisal of Whirlpool's Supply Chain Management Company Overview Products and Services Critical review of Operations Contribution to business performance System Changes Changes in Internal Forecasting Process Business Performance Results Criteria for trade Partner Fit Competitive advantage Critical Evaluation of System Customer Centric-Supply Chain Management System Collaborative Supply Chain Whirlpool's production Current System Changes Planning and sourcing decisions Planning Sourcing Drawbacks of Whirlpool delivery system Inventory Delivery Factors for taking supply chain management decision Figure: Supply Chain Performance factors Gap Analysis Strategic partnership Integration Reduced Cost and Inventory Future trends