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Since survey data relies on self-reported information, and since the levels of anxiety in a patient can increase and decrease based on the experience of the patient, it is possible that lack of care in working the question can actually increase the patient's anxiety. For example, a question that states "If the radiology department finds cancer in your bones....," the patient may be forced to think about issues which increase their anxiety levels, thus inaccurately raising the levels of reported anxiety in the radiology department.
The other major limitation to the survey design is that, in any self-report, there is a possibility for patients to answer in a way that is contrary to reality (Snaith, 2003). In the case of anxiety research, the subject may not be aware of his or her levels of anxiety, or may choose to answer in such a way that denies the anxiety. As mentioned previously, anxiety levels are difficult to confirm, even through biofeedback. When forced to determine whether or not one is anxious, the patient may not even realize he or she is experiencing anxiety, even though their body may be reacting to that anxiety (McKinley, 2004).
A study by Rachman in 1974 determined that, since fear and anxiety are closely related, subjects have a...
Thus, subjects in a fearful situation such as a radiology lab may have a tendency to over-estimate their levels of anxiety, due to their inability to distinguish fear from anxiety. On the other hand, smaller levels of anxiety may be undetectable to the subject, if the corresponding feeling of fear is absent (Ewert, 1986).
Additionally, survey research has been consistently been doubted due to the inability to prove a subjects response. Since surveys rely on the input of subjects, there are always slight possibilities that the subjects will lie, or be otherwise inaccurate in their responses. A study by Epstein in 1976 suggested that anxiety in humans is related to ideas of ego, self-esteem, and are associated with a weakness or inability to cope. Certain subjects who feel this way may inadvertently deny their own feelings of anxiety in a radiology department, because admitting the anxiety exists would threaten their self-concept (Ewert, 1986). In any of the above cases, the answers would be used in data collection, but would not be a true representation of anxiety levels.
A second type of research design is that of the experiment. In this design, the researcher manipulates an independent variable in
A study by Rachman in 1974 determined that, since fear and anxiety are closely related, subjects have a difficult time determining which is which. Thus, subjects in a fearful situation such as a radiology lab may have a tendency to over-estimate their levels of anxiety, due to their inability to distinguish fear from anxiety. On the other hand, smaller levels of anxiety may be undetectable to the subject, if the corresponding feeling of fear is absent (Ewert, 1986).
Additionally, survey research has been consistently been doubted due to the inability to prove a subjects response. Since surveys rely on the input of subjects, there are always slight possibilities that the subjects will lie, or be otherwise inaccurate in their responses. A study by Epstein in 1976 suggested that anxiety in humans is related to ideas of ego, self-esteem, and are associated with a weakness or inability to cope. Certain subjects who feel this way may inadvertently deny their own feelings of anxiety in a radiology department, because admitting the anxiety exists would threaten their self-concept (Ewert, 1986). In any of the above cases, the answers would be used in data collection, but would not be a true representation of anxiety levels.
A second type of research design is that of the experiment. In this design, the researcher manipulates an independent variable in
In other words Emotional Intelligence means that the individual is capable of: (1) Accurately perceiving emotions in oneself and others; (2) Uses emotions to facilitate thinking; (3) Understands emotional meanings; and (4) Manages emotions well. This model is referred to as the 'ability' model of emotional intelligence. (Mayer & Salovey, 1997) DANIEL GOLEMAN-PERSONAL & SOCIAL COMPETENCE Daniel Goleman proposed the model of emotional intelligence based on the Personal and Social competencies
It seems natural in a world where social influence and cultural traditions influence so many aspects of ones behavior that they would also influence one's sexuality. However, there is still a strong case for classical and traditional theories of human sexuality, and one can't simply discount years of research that also links biological and genetic factors with human sexuality. Suffice to say that the best approach to human sexuality and explaining
Health Psychology The author of this report has been asked to review a section of the class text and answer a few questions. One question that will be answered is the differences that exist from a psychological, emotional and physical standpoint when it comes to being in a committed relationship versus dating several people concurrently. It will also be discussed the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that includes proper exercise,
Human nature allows a person to demonstrate the cognitive, social and emotional behaviors that enable him or her to function in society and satisfy biological, psychological and emotional needs. The drive to display such behaviors is inborn but is shaped through environmental forces. New behaviors are learned and unlearned through experience and instruction. Functional human beings are able to read the situation, identify their goals and select from a repertoire
Emotional Intelligence in Law Enforcement Emotional Intelligence for Officer in a Law Enforcement Environment Law enforcement officers constitute exceptional and diverse personnel that experience a broad range of emotions. They therefore encounter numerous and strange challenges. Because of the nature, perception and significance of the services these officers offer to the public, their occupation is always under scrutiny and expected to portray high level of public standards. In addition, due to the
Armed with such information, transformational leaders can respond appropriately thus effectively averting possible fallout. This is a clear indication that they possess empathy. Empathy according to Goleman (2004) is "the ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people." By easily identifying with the thoughts and concerns of their followers, transactional leaders can better take a group's pulse while at the same time correctly reading its concerns and thoughts. Further,