and, some teachers focus mainly on staff development issues related to changes in curriculum, measures and/or desired outcomes. Of these various roles, I am most interested in how to change instruction so that it can meet desired standards and measurements. Ultimately, I believe that this is what makes the real difference in being able to achieve outcomes, particularly with the growing need for differentiated teaching strategies to achieve the same

Professional Development Seminar Curriculum development as an industry consists of curriculum concept, development, application (that is, direction), and assessment. Conventional, conceptual-empiricist, and reconceptualise are theoretical structures that regulate particular strategies to curriculum problems. Each of these structures can be distinguished by the dominant and subordinate presumptions that regulate the understanding and values which underscore their particular modes of questions. In this paper, we will construct content for professional development seminar where

Physical Education Curriculum In the Physical Educator journal article "Students' perspective in the design and implementation of the physical education curriculum" (Ha et al.), twenty five secondary schools were chosen to survey the views of both male and female students on the current state of the curriculum in the physical education programs of each high school, each of which implemented a similar physical education program and made use of similar facilities

Lawrence Stenhouse (1975) spoke 'initiation' and 'induction' as learning functions and held that these forms of learning effectively reached further than 'training' and 'instruction' which are instrumental learning. The initiation stage of learning is an independent learning stage where the learner grasps and understands for themselves the object of learning and in which the learner's dependence upon both the teacher and upon learning structures are lessened. A higher stage of

Susan K. Peterson and associates (1988) conducted a study on the impact of the use of manipulatives on different kinds of students and concluded that the result of using manipulative was positive for both gifted and disabled students (Peterson, Mercer & O'Shea, 1988). Joseph Martinez (1987) also explained that the use of solid manipulatives made studying math more fun as well as less hectic and demanding for most of

Minimum Required Curriculum The main point of this article centers around the belief that the curriculum that is currently taught in most colleges is clearly not teaching students what they need to know. In other words, when they obtain their bachelor's degree they have learned very little of what they need to know and they have only learned to memorize information to pass the tests to receive that degree. They