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When the French were defeated by the Vietminh, the French were so humiliated and embarrassed in the eyes of the world that they decided to stiffen their resistance to others seeking independence. This led to a decade long war in Algeria which the French were resolved not to lose. Unlike Indochina, there were large numbers of native French living in Algeria, and the French viewed it as an integral part of France. But the French no longer had the military resources to maintain their Algerian colony by force, and the French people were forced to accept Algerian independence. In fact, more than 90% of the French public had grown tired of the war, and the atrocities that were being carried out in the name of France, and favored independence for Algeria. But there was still a minority of people who favored the past and held on to the idea of empire long after the reality had disappeared. When President DeGaulle formally declared Algerian independence in 1962, these dissidents formed the OAS and began...
But their violent actions, particularly against DeGaulle and the French people, only drove the French to support a more liberal, modern world view. The violence of the OAS was something that, in the minds of the French people, belonged in the past when France tortured and killed as a means of maintaining an illegitimate empire that exploited people around the world. DeGaulle and Algerian independence represented a new, more fair and decent future. In the end the future won out and the past faded away into memory; France no longer retains an empire by force and the French people no longer suffer the effects of maintaining an overseas empire through immoral means. There has been a remarkable change in the French psyche from the late 1940's, when the French sought to re-establish their empire, to the 1960's, when they recognized the futility of maintaining an empire through torture and oppression and the immorality of subjugating people…
European Imperialism and Decolonization: Spectacular in Some Respects Not Spectacular in Other Respects European Imperialism and Decolonization: Spectacular in Some Respects, Not Spectacular in Other Respects The term "spectacular" is, in some respects, subjective. The collapse of European empires after 1945 was spectacular in some respects but not in others. The British Empire's decolonization after World War II can be logically called "spectacular" in its scope; however, it was not "spectacularly" surprising or shocking, for
In November they started making their upset known to diverse government officials. However for economic and political causes the prime minister along with his supporters could not disregard these commercial distress indications. In addition Rockingham and his chief financial minister, Edmund Burke and William Dowdeswell were assured that colonial reactions to the Stamp Act accounted for the recent turn down in British trade to North America and during 1765
Instead, Messali Hadj created a separate adverse party (Algerian National Movement), yet as violent in acquiring independence as FLN (Entelis, 1986). Although having the same enemy, and the same goal, the various Algerian groups (political or military) did not succeed in providing a common and united front. Their demands were scattered in importance. As shown in the writings of John Entelis, or Matthew Connely, it was not the chaotic liberation war
Soldierly Perception of Masculinity in Imperial Germany 1880-1914 According to the researchers, from last two centuries shifts have been experienced in Germany's war system. New forms of masculinity arose in 1945, when Germany was totally surrendered and so did the regime of Nazi's. The regime of Nazi's was a heroic one and after World War II new forms of masculinity arose in Germans. War system is a vital determiner of masculinity;
Evolution of France It was on March 31, 1889, when France ushered in the Eiffel Tower. The aim for the Eiffel Tower and what ir represented was a prelude to the Universal Exposition and as a tribute marking the century since the French Revolution. It was only about a year later when, Clement Ader, increased a couple of feet on the Eiffel Tower from the groundwork based on a device that
Globalization in the economic sense - economic, social and technological process that advocates a constant interdependence at a global level, supporting trade liberalization. International Monetary Fund (IMF) - an international financial organization that monitors the global financial flows and that offers financial assistance to Third World countries. African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) - cultural festival that promotes and sustains the revival of the Black cultural values and civilization. 1945 - the