U.S. Immigration Policy After 911
The terrorist attacks on the United States that took place on September 11, 2001 have had a number of far-reaching effects, among which changes in immigration policy must be considered to be of significance. According to Malone (2003), one of the most dramatic changes is that the U.S. immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), which has served as the primary agency overseeing a variety of immigration issues, was virtually abolished as an autonomous federal agency and, as of February 2003, reconstituted under the new Department of Homeland Security as the Office of Citizenship and Immigration Service. Among the major policy changes is that local and state law enforcement agencies, along with their federal counterparts, are being required (and authorized) to use strict criteria in seeking out and detaining illegal immigrants (Pluvoise-Fenton, 2003).
Prior to 9/11, the normative framework overseeing U.S. immigration policy was the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952. Under the terms of the INA, legal immigration to the United States became relatively widely available and a substantial number of "new" Americans...
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