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Terrorism and Counterterrorism.
M5D1: Winners and Losers
Has a nation ever "won" a struggle against a terrorist organization? Was the victory short-lived or seemingly permanent? Has a terrorist organization ever "won" in its conflict against a nation?
Perhaps the closest example to a 'win' that has ever been attained by either a terrorist group or its victim is that of the IRA in Great Britain. Britain was terrorized by a series of attacks by this organization. The IRA demanded that England leave Northern Ireland. "From 1969 through 1997, the IRA splintered into a number of organizations, all called the IRA… The IRA began its terrorist attacks on the British army and police following a summer of violent rioting between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland," the most infamous of which was called 'Bloody Sunday' (Zalman 2006). "For the next generation, the IRA carried out bombings, assassinations and other...
Technically, the IRA was the paramilitary wing of the political organization Sinn Fein, which was also committed to an Ireland free of British influence. Eventually, in 1997, the Good Friday agreement established a truce between the two warring parties. Since then, "unionists accused republicans of failing to live up to the spirit of the agreement's requirement for the decommissioning of arms. On the other hand, Sinn Fein accused the British government of failing to demilitarise quickly enough" (The Good Friday Agreement, 1998, BBC). However, after decades of fighting, both sides were willing to reach and sustain a compromise.
It is true that not all members of the IRA accepted the agreement and violence still continues but…
http://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/IRA.htm
M5D2: Combating International Terrorism Do international terrorist organizations or movements, such as Al-Qaeda, that operate across international borders require an international agency to track and combat them? If so, which international agency or body should be responsible for combating cross-border terrorism? If not, how should nations fight these cross-border organizations?
"No state, however powerful, can defend itself unilaterally against transnational terrorism. Terrorist networks move operatives, money and material across borders and through the crevices of the global economy. Only through extensive cooperation on financial flows, intelligence, and police action can the risk of terrorism be reduced" (Policy brief on combatting international terrorism, 2008, The Brookings Institute: 1). Even if international agencies are not the only means by which to police international terrorism, they are surely some of the most effective. Terrorism is so difficult to contain and detect because it is a borderless crime. Increasingly terrorist organizations are non-state actors with relatively vague, undefined missions. Their outreach is international and so are their ambitions. While nations can and
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