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For example, while Mao continued to favor the creation of soviets (councils) and the land redistribution policy, he began to militarize the dialogue by highlighting the need to arm the masses and accelerate the process of change through the creation of a wave-like or tidal revolutionary movement throughout China.
With his vision of a combined victory over Chiang and the Japanese firmly in place, Mao turned to a resolution of the land question to win the Chinese people to his side. His goal was to introduce the class struggle into the countryside and elevate the revolutionary consciousness of the masses by depicting the landlord class [as] the principal enemy of the revolution. The goal was to mobilize the peasants in the countryside, lend them support, and secure a revolutionary victory for the people. To sustain the struggle, he would frequently send bands of raiders into Chinese villages to dispossess the landlords and wealthy peasants of their holdings. These fund-raising ventures not only helped to finance the struggle, they also helped to reinforce his revolutionary message. Through the Red Army's program of confiscating goods and supplies from the rich and distributing these "surpluses" to the poor, the peasants instinctively understood that unlike armies in the past or the Kuomintang forces under Chiang Kai-shek, the Red Army was "a poor man's...
5.
Schram, Mao Tse-tung, p. 21
Robert Jay Lifton, Revolutionary Immortality: Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Cultural Revolution (New York: Norton, 1976), p. 85.
Edgar Snow, Red Star over China (New York: Random House, 1938 [1961]), pp. 123-31.
Schram, Mao Tse-tung, p. 25
Snow, Red Star over China, p. 149.
Snow, Red Star over China, p. 151.
Marrin, Mao Tse-tung and His China, p. 44.
Schram, Mao Tse-tung, p. 47.
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1966), p. 23.
Schram, Mao Tse-tung, p. 49.
Marrin, Mao Tse-tung and His China, p. 39.
Snow, Red Star over China, p. 118.
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, p. 9.
Schram, Mao Tse-tung, p. 60.
Snow, Red Star over China, p. 415
Schram, Mao Tse-tung, p. 94-95
Schram, Mao Tse-tung, p. 99.
Snow, Red Star over China, p. 170.
This was mostly carried out as an attempt to further instill fear within the Party, and to remove anyone that Mao considered to be a potential rival. Mao used the Red Army as his tool for the 'Cultural Revolution' relying on the ideologies of the young members to drive them on (Rogaski, 2007). Through 'The Cultural Revolution', members of the Red Army were given the permission to create chaos and
During his first few months in Paris, Marx became a communist and put forth his views in a plethora of writings known as the Economic and philosophical Manuscripts, that remained unpublished until the 1930s. It was also in Paris that Marx developed his life long association with Friedrich Engels. (Karl Marx, 1818-1883) At the end of 1844 Marx was debarred from Paris and with Engels migrated to Brussels. In the
Ho Chi Minh was for a long time of the most controversial dictators of the world. In this sense, "for westerners Ho Chi Minh has been a figure of some mystery for many years. His death on September 3, 1969 did not end the fascination he holds for people who have found his life enigmatic and his political position unclear." Therefore, it is fair to say that to this day,
Similarly, PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) -- another nongovernmental institution that militates for the rights of animals -- has also been accused of terrorism. On several occasions, PETA has granted funds to the Animal Liberation Front and the Earth Liberation Front, both of which are included on the list of domestic terrorist organizations (the Center for Consumer Freedom, 2004). Looking at the matter with a critical eye and
International Planning Development is a general concept that includes many different aspects. The definition of development is improvement in human welfare, quality of life, social well-being, and satisfying the population's needs and wants. There are many different measurements for development, such as GDP, GNI, Human Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, Gini coefficient, and etc. Since each nation has its own culture, history, tradition, religion, and etc., the measurement of a successful
Those officials who did look at the question of Japanese intentions decided that Japan would never attack, because to do so would be irrational. Yet what might seem irrational to one country may seem perfectly logical to another country that has different goals, values, and traditions. (Kessler 98) The failures apparent in the onset of World War II and during the course of the war led indirectly to the creation