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To determine effect of EPC's on heart disease in smokers, researchers would survey 15 different smokers. The results were that EPC's were lower in heavy smokers and increased if someone was a light smoker. When a person quit smoking, the underlying levels of EPC's would dramatically increase. As a result, researchers determined that those who quit smoking; will see a reduction in their chances of having a stroke. Those who are considered light smokers will have a lower chance of heart attack, in comparison with heavy smokers. This is significant, because it can be used to corroborate, the overall negative health effects of smoking on the individual. Where, the more they smoke, the greater the chances increase that they could have a heart attack. (Takahisa, 2004, pg.1422)
Clearly, the literature review uncovered a number of different tools and techniques to help someone quit smoking. The most notable would include: the use of behavioral inhibitors, various forms of nicotine therapy and counseling. All of these different areas are effective at helping someone be able to have less nicotine cravings and will provide emotional / mental support. As a result, the research highlights why society has been continuing to push various smoking cessation efforts. Where, society believes that these people have the ability to quit smoking any time they want, by using the various cessation tools / techniques. As a result, these views have caused the total number of interventions and cessation efforts to increase, with each new study confirming the negative health effects of smoking.
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Athonisen, N. (2005). The Effects of Smoking Cessation Intervention. Annals of Internal Medicine. 142 (4). 233 -- 239.
Critchley, J. (2003). Mortality Risk Associated with Smoking Cessation. Journal of American Medical Association. 290 (1). 86 -- 97.
Critchey, J. (2003). Smoking Cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003041.pub2
Fagerstrom, K. (2002). The Epidemiology of Smoking. Drugs. 62(9). 1 -- 9.
Reviews. 1. http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD000031/image_n/CD000031_abstract.pdf
Lancaster, S. (2004). Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3. http://academicdepartments.musc.edu/psychiatry/research/cns/upadhyayareferences/Silagy_2004.pdf
Lanchaster, S. (2005). Individual Behavioral Counseling for Smoking Cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2. http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/SpringboardWebApp/userfiles/ccoch/file/World%20No%20Tobacco%20Day/CD001292.pdf
Lanchaster, T. (2004). Physician Advice for Smoking Cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4. http://www.lsuhsc.edu/hcsd/cmo/hcet/Tobacco/CE/Physician_advice_for_smoking_cessation.pdf
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Smoking Cessation Smoking is a central factor in many pathological conditions. Nearly all smokers have at least some idea of the risks associated with the practice yet chose to smoke anyway. The adverse effects of tobacco use on cardiopulmonary function are well established and recognized; less evident, but equally important, is its impact on all aspects of physical therapist practice, including integumentary, musculoskeletal, and neuromuscular health (Pignataro, Ohtake, & Dino, 2012).
In fact these moderate quit rates are substantially higher than health care interventions (Salize et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009). Psychological interventions such as support groups, counseling sessions, and guided quit plans have been proven most effective when coupled with pharmacological interventions (Huang, 2005). Cessation programs need to be interactive and engage the participant in the treatment process as well as identifying individual characteristics that have led to the
However, since the indirect consequences of smoking cessation are linked to cessation rather than to smoking, they must be addressed in terms of providing education and guidance about related issues independently, and mostly in connection with dietary advice. Implementing an Effective Smoking Cessation Plan Smokers wishing to quit should begin chewing a gum made for smokers that contain nicotine. Since most smokers cannot quit through this method alone, the next step
Community Philosophy The current community philosophy regarding smoking among teens is foundational to the development of a comprehensive risk behavior intervention standard. Smoking behaviors among teens in the community are highly visible, while other risk behaviors are more hidden, it is therefore clear that smoking cessation in this age group could prove a substantial beginning in both the secondary prevention of long-term adult smoking and for the overall goal of reducing
Auriculotheraphy Smoking Cessation Pilot program is seeking a grant to develop a cessation program focused on helping low and middle income persons quit smoking by providing auriculotheraphy treatment at a low costs. In 1964 the surgeon general determined that smoking is hazardous to a person's health. Studies show that tobacco is responsible for approximately six million deaths each year. Tobacco contains nicotine and toxics that produce cancer. Though warnings are in
psychosocial smoking cessation interventions for coronary heart disease patients effective? The association with smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been well documented. To prevent further heart attacks, as well as to preserve their life, smokers have been consistently and strongly advised to quit smoking, and associations such as the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Task Force have drafted recommendations and reams of advice to assist patients