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Animal Farm starts with Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, drunkenly heading to bed. The animals gather for a meeting to hear Old Major, the prize boar, who tells them about how the humans exploit the farm animals and how they can get rid of their oppressors through a rebellion. Major tells the animals that "all animals are equal" and the humans are their enemy.
Old Major dies soon and the animals are now tutored in the basics of rebellion by three smart pigs, Napoleon, Snowball and Squealer. The rebellion breaks out unexpectedly when Mr. Jones neglects to feed the animals and they break into a store shed to get food. As they are caught and whipped by the humans, the animals attack the humans who flee the farm. The new leaders of the animals, the pigs, change the name of the farm as "Animal Farm" and ask the animals to continue working for the harvest.
The first harvest under the animals' own administration is a great success as most of the animals work enthusiastically. Differences of opinion begin to appear between the two leaders, Napoleon and Snowball. While the latter puts up proposals for improving the animals' life on the farm, the former sees little merit in the suggestions. The animals gradually discover that the choicest food such as milk and apples is reserved for the pigs under the justification that the leaders need better food for their brain.
As the news of the rebellion spreads, animals on other farms get emboldened and start disobeying their human masters. The humans, led by Mr. Jones, attach the animal farm in an attempt to recapture it. The animals...
Snowball is awarded medal first class; the martyred sheep gets a 2nd class medal.
Differences between Napoleon and Snowball become more pronounced over Snowball's suggestion for building a windmill. When the animals gather to vote on the idea, Napoleon unleashes his vicious dogs on Snowball who is chased out of the farm. Napoleon takes over the sole leadership of the farm; announces the supremacy of pigs and bans all dissent. Squealer, as Napoleon's spokes-animal, justifies the measures as necessary and the animals are pacified.
As time passes, the animals find themselves working harder than ever before. Still the harvest is poor and farm runs out of several essential items. Napoleon announces that the animal farm will start trading with the surrounding human farms for which further sacrifices from the animals is sought. Unease among animals on trading with the "enemy" is quickly squashed.
Life on the farm worsens as it is hit by food shortages. The pigs hide the misery from the outside world propaganda and inflict further restrictions on the animals. All their misfortunes are blamed on Snowball and his conspiracies against the farm. Any dissent is brutally suppressed as the trouble makers are made to confess their sins and quickly put to death. Even the hardest working animal, Boxer the horse, is targeted by the pigs but survives due to his strength.
The original commandments of the animal farm including "no animal shall kill another" and "No animal shall drink alcohol"…
George Orwell's Animal Farm (1945) is a satirical allegory of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the conditions that prevailed in the country under Stalin's dictatorship. Direct parallels can be drawn between several characters in Animal Farm and real life people, e.g., Napoleon: Stalin; Snowball: Trotsky; Squealer: Goebbels. An alternate interpretation of the novel is that it depicts the general human condition and applies to the political and social conditions in several other countries besides the Soviet Russia. Given the fact that Orwell often drew parallels in his writings between the totalitarian regimes of Stalin and the fascist regimes in Germany and Italy at the time, Animal Farm probably did portray the Soviet Union under Stalin.
The concept of Communism was first forwarded by Karl Marx, who described it as a utopian state, following a revolution and a proletariat dictatorship, in which there would be no need for a government and everyone would live in equality and a state of happiness. Such a utopian Communist state, however, has never existed. The most famous experiment in Communism was the Russian Revolution of 1917 that led to the formation of the Soviet Union, degenerated into the totalitarian regime of Joseph Stalin, and eventually collapsed in 1991.
The main reason for the 'failed experiment' of Communism appears to be that the concept directly conflicts with the strongest urge in human nature, i.e., self-interest. The failure of Communism contrasts sharply with the success of Capitalism -- a system in which everyone works for his or her own economic interest, thereby contributing to collective economic progress. On the other hand, in a utopian Communist state, people are supposed to work for collective benefit. Since an urge to work for collective benefit rather than for self-interest does not come naturally to humans, they have to be forced into acting against their nature. This results in a totalitarian, tyrannical regime such as the one established by Joseph Stalin. The Animal Farm depicts such degeneration.
The pigs formulate a rudimentary constitution by condensing the tenets of Animalism into Seven Commandments. Animalism is a doctrine centering on freedom and liberation, and especially on resisting human tyranny. Most of the animals on the farm become involved with the revolution and support it directly or indirectly. Animals like Boxer the horse especially toil for the common good of the farm. A pro-labor worker ethic becomes the core philosophy
Napoleon refuses Snowball's plan to build a windmill and thereby make life more comfortable for all animals, on the grounds that it will take too much time to build the windmill, but his motivation may not be that innocent. When Snowball tries to get the animals to vote on the windmill, Napoleon has Snowball chased off of the farm (and perhaps killed) by a pack of vicious dogs. Napoleon
It was certainly the hope for the socialists and for the Bolsheviks in Russia before the revolution was taken over by Stalin and turned into a different sort of stat than had been envisioned. It was the hope of those fighting the Nazis in Spain, making it also the hope Orwell had when he entered that battle. His disillusionment with the process derives from the fact that human nature
The other animals trusted the pigs with blind faith which led to them coming full circle in their oppression, despite how hard they had fought for independence. At one point in the story, Napoleon also encouraged the other animals to feel patriotic toward the farm. The reason behind this was so the rest of the animals would not rebel against him. This is extremely similar to the way that Richard
finance and financial entrepreneurship. The basis of the article is on a discussion that was held on this subject among four leading lights of financial entrepreneurship in the United States - Michael Milken, Lewis Ranieri, Richard Sandor and Myron Scholes. These people are famous in their own right and have had a sizeable role in financial entrepreneurship in the U.S. over the last 20 years. We have first discussed
Pharmaceutical industries have to operate in an environment that is highly competitive and subject to a wide variety of internal and external constraints. In recent times, there has been an increasing trend to reduce the cost of operation while competing with other companies that manufacture products that treat similar afflictions and ailments. The complexities in drug research and development and regulations have created an industry that is subject to intense