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Behavioural psychology in modern day has devised a number of ways to deal with serious problem areas in children with special needs and the youth. These means of treatment include rewarding admirable behaviour along with presenting corrective consequences for the undesired ones. Using skin shock as a supplementary form of encouraging positive behaviour does not meet the requirements in the torture definition of the UN Convention against Torture. Skin Shock in behavioural terms is used to mitigate the effects of an illness condition or condition. Thus, it cannot be termed as a form of torture. The application of shock on the skin for two seconds does not inflict or arouse any painful sensation (Israel, 2010).
Pros and 3 Cons Statements
Response contingent electrical stimulation is regarded as one of the most intrusive behavioural punishment technique; it is still potentially the safest and most effective of methods. The effectiveness of the technique is made possible by several factors including the delivery immediacy, the limitation on the part of the recipient to evade the punishment stimulus and the advantage of the proximity between the targeted behaviour and the punishment. The advantage here is that it will not trigger other responses in one's repertoire. Although it has a higher level of effectiveness in deterring...
Experts have pointed out that other behaviour correction options including psychotropic treatment and behaviour therapy fail in some cases. In fact, some experts have voiced their opposition to the use of the method, citing that it is unethical. They further point out the possibility of other cognitive counter-indications (Ellawala, 2015). People do not use the method anymore because it is simply undesirable. In fact, there are options that do not involve aversive techniques such as shocks. It should be clear that drugs are not on the alternative menu. There are optional behavioural treatment procedures. The painfulness of the shocks has been a subject of debate among experts for a long time. It has been pointed out that shock treatment is applied for a wide range of actions apart from the dangerous self-mutilation. Some of the other areas include spitting and shouting profanities. The latter two can effectively be handled by less extreme approaches though (Kaufman, 2015). Those who are inclined to the use of Electroconvulsive Therapy claim that the method has…
References
Ellawala, T. I. (2015). The Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Managing Self-Injurious Behaviours Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal at Clark,1(1), 3.
Israel, M. L (2010). Behavioural skin shock saves individuals with severe behaviour disorders from a life of seclusion, restraint and/or warehousing as well as the ravages of psychotropic medication: reply to the MDRI appeal to the U.N. Special rapporteur on torture. Retrieved 26 August 2016 from http://abcnews.go.com/images/Nightline/HT_MDRIReportResponse_2_100630.pdf
Kaufman, L. (2015). Parents defend school's use of shock therapy. N.Y. / Region. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/nyregion/25shock.html?_r=0
Salvy, S. J., Mulick, J. A., Butter, E., Bartlett, R. K., & Linscheid, T. R. (2004). Contingent electric shock (SIBIS) and a conditioned punisher eliminate severe head banging in a preschool child. Behavioural Interventions,19(2), 59-72.
Treatment vs. Punishment Treatment Concept Juvenile crime is often serious because of the ability to represent a significant proportion in relation to the total criminal activity within the community. The normal assumption indicates that adolescents deserve and require special handling during the formative period. Criminal behavior during this stage of life might not continue into adulthood thus the need for integration of special handling by the relevant justice systems within the case
Treatments for PTSD Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients has varied from one context to the other depending on the nature of the disorder. However, over the years, an increased number of research studies have been conducted to establish the best treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder patients. A number of findings have been made public as further research takes place. This study will critically evaluate three articles whilst comparing group
Treatments of Bulimia Nervosa THE BEST OPTION Evaluation of Combined Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa Description and Significance Bulimia nervosa, simply bulimia or BN, refers to uncontrolled overeating or binging and then eliminating what has been eaten (SJH, 2012; Grange et al., 2004). Recent reports show alarming increases in the incidence, which now adolescents and pre-adolescents. The latest population statistics say that about 27.3 of the U.S. population is between 12 and 19 years old.
Treatments BEST TREATMENTS Constipation, Hypertension, Seizure Constipation This is the infrequent or difficult bowel evacuation (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012). While there are no strict standard for bowel elimination, it is generally believed that fewer than thrice a week constitutes constipation. Stools are usually hard and dry. Other common symptoms associated constipation include excessive straining during bowel evacuation, a sense of rectal blockage, a sense of incomplete evacuation and the need to perform manual measures
21-32; Lyster et al., 1999, pg. 457-467). Chaudron (1986, pg. 64-84) explained that the error correction exercise might not have statistical backup on its constrictive impact but nonetheless has proven to have a beneficial impact on the overall communicational skills of the students. Many researchers (Birdsong, 1989 as cited in Wen, 1999, pg. 1-22) agree that the benefits for adult ESL students are extensive as they learn the practical
Treatment Options Pain Treatment Treatment Options Clinical Pain Chronic pain is an issue that all healthcare providers have to deal with at one time or another. The mitigation of pain is a major factor in whether an individual will be able to heal properly and in an appropriate length of time (text, 320). The three cases offered -- various types of pain from a below-the-knee amputation resulting from a diabetic neuropathy, acute pain