Curriculum Development and Implementation
Curriculum Development
When developing curriculum for a particular course, which comes first: the determination of learning objectives or the identification of necessary content?
According to Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe (2005) the process of backward design begins with the end in mind. One starts with the end, the desired results, or learning objectives, and then designs the curriculum for the evidence of learning as measured against the goals and standards called for and the tasks needed to ensure student understanding. The design process involves three planning stages each focused on a question: 1) What is worthy and requiring of understanding? 2) What is the evidence of understanding? 3) What learning experiences and teaching promote understanding, interest and excellence?
In the first stage, teachers focus on learning goals. These are the enduring understandings that they want their students to have developed at the completion of the learning sequence. There is also a focus on a number of essential, or guiding, questions. Enduring understandings go beyond facts and skills to focus on larger concepts, principles or processes. The second stage involves how students will demonstrate their understanding. The authors describe six facets of understanding. They contend that students truly understand when they, can explain, can interpret, can apply, have perspective, can empathize,...
Cal.org). One negative impact of ELL laws on curriculum development is presented in Education Week (Zehr, 2009). In schools with a small number of ELLs, "…first generation immigrant students do better academically if they aren't placed in an ESL class" (Zehr, p. 1). This may be true because ELLs aren't invited to access to mainstream "…core academic curriculum"; also, their counterparts that are in mainstream classes with no ESL available "do
All foundations are important, but social forces are becoming increasingly influential as planners struggle to design and develop curriculum that meet the diverse multicultural needs of students. 7. What is the difference between curriculum development and design? Curriculum design defines learning objectives, what learning and teaching strategies should be adopted; and what evaluation strategies will ensure that the desired aims and learning outcomes are achieved. Curriculum development uses information from the
The principal informally assessed the value of this project by looking at lesson plans and teacher collaboration and performing unscheduled walk-throughs as well as monitoring theme test scores. Because of the positive results and teacher enthusiasm, the principal agreed to include curriculum participation in our school plan for the following year. Substitutes will be paid from our Title 1 money so that each grade-level team can be released for curriculum
Teachers will need professional development to integrate curricula with technology. Strudler (1994, cited in Professional development overview) suggested the need for a technology coordinator who can serve as a mentor or "translator" of technology applications and instructional integration for teachers. Teachers who engage in collaborative planning and sharing of instructional strategies with other teachers most frequently demonstrate effective use of computers in the classroom (Becker & Riel, 2000, cited
While the curriculum may be changing, it should not forget that developing insight into concepts, not just learning facts is important. According to Amy McAninch (2010) of Early Childhood Research and Practice, curriculums must reflect the principles of educational theorist Thomas Dewey and teach students how to learn. For example, when teaching geography, instead of learning facts about China and Australia, students should learn about what categories make up
Curriculum Development and Classroom Management Classroom Management and Curriculum Development Discipline, punishment, behavior, and class arrangement are considered basic elements of classroom management in the present society. Despite the fact that these elements have pivotal role in describing classroom management, they are not absolute. Effective interactive skills of the teachers with students augment the concept of classroom management. Research reveals that as compare to curriculum assessment, staff cordiality, and community participation in
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