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¶ … human DNA sequence composed of a series of letters such as 'accagacagt' and the objective was to decipher this jumble of letters and interpret the results. I suppose I should report that the process went smoothly and that after a bit of research I now consider myself an expert in regard to the new science of DNA Sequencing. However, I have a thousand more questions now than before I began and even the answers I came up with may or may not be correct. I do know for a fact that this is a pretty new art or science and its potential seems limitless. "DNA itself has thus far shown only modest evidence of possessing any intrinsic catalytic activities, although the prospect that more will be discovered in the future is surely plausible." (Cantor & Smith, 1999, xv)
The internet has made so many sites and processes available to the average person that home DNA testing may actually be a reality in the near future. But, this plethora of information is actually a bit overwhelming and therefore confusing. Results obtained on one site may not necessarily agree with the results of another site which obviously leads amateur Genomics practitioners such as my self to begin to doubt returned results and thus require professional confirmation. The key is that DNA Sequencing and interpretation will alter mankind's ability to identify 'medicine less' cures and maybe even lead to the creation of completely altered super humans. "Initiation of DNA replication holds the clue to what controls cell division and hence growth and differentiation." (Adams, 1991)
DNA
DNA is basically a two-stranded molecule and each strand is a polynucleotide composed of A (adenosine), T (thymidine), C (cytidine), and G (guanosine) residues. These residues are polymerized by "dehydration" synthesis...
Scientists have clearly identified that the nucleotide residue are complementary along a double-stranded DNA molecule. For example, A forms two hydrogen-bonds with T. Or C. forms three hydrogen bonds with G. Therefore, in the majority of situations, a two-stranded anti-parallel complementary DNA molecule is said to fold to create a helical structure similar to a spiral staircase. Because of this, DNA is often referred to as a "Double Helix."
The true significance of a strand of DNA is that it truly holds the necessary information that is the blueprint or code for various genes. Consider that in the majority of organisms, genetics is established by breeding of pairs of parents and the results are the off-spring who would be a combination of the genetic codes of the two parents. "Despite the power of molecular biology to examine the information coded for by DNA, we have to know where in the DNA to look to find information of relevance to particular phenomena." (Cantor & Smith, 1999)
DNA and the internet
It has become relatively easy to find information pertaining to genes and the DNA sequence on the internet. There are sites where you simply add the sequence and hit submit and back come your results. The problem is that the results may include thousands of possibilities including other mammals such as mice, fungi and all types of other organism's DNA data feedback.
The results for this particular sequence came from the University of Stanford's eBlock web site and it offered many results but theses results seemed more consistent than some of the other sites I tried such as NCBI.gov. "Databases of eMOTIF and eMATRIX have been generated from eBLOCKs using eMOTIF-maker and eMATRIX -maker respectively. These two…
Obviously, enterokinase gene being tied to this chromosome entails a great deal of research interest into the biological functions of the gene and the manner by which it contributes to disease. Defects in PRSS7 therefore are a direct cause of enterokinase deficiency which is a life-threatening intestinal malabsorption disorder. The disorder can be characterized by severe bouts of diarrhea and failure to thrive and thus create a situation of initiating activation of pancreatic proteolytic proenzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase a).
Animals, like humans, have to handle digestion of exogenous macromolecules without destroying endogenous constituents so the serine protease or enterokinase seems to be a fundamental digestive system requirement. In other words, all vertebrates such as mice or dogs have adapted a two step enzymatic cascade that is used to change pancreatic zymogens over to active enzymes in the lumen of the gut as discovered by researchers in Pavlov's laboratory in the early 1900's. "Extracts of the proximal small intestine were shown strikingly to activate the latent hydrolytic enzymes in pancreatic fluid. Pavlov considered this intestinal factor to be an enzyme that activated other enzymes, or a 'ferment of ferments' and named it enterokinase." (Stone, 2002)
Prospects For
DNA Finger Printing Techniques to retrieve DNA and the development of DNA probes have come up and made it possible the matching of DNA molecules to other DNA molecules to serve purposes like identification. This process has been incorporated into what is known as DNA fingerprinting.DNA fingerprinting is therefore a test for identification and evaluation of genetic information i.e. ones DNA. This technique is referred to as a fingerprint because two
All samples must be properly collected, using gloves and other tools in order to prevent contamination, as well as properly stored until analysis can be performed. It is vitally important that this chain of evidence be maintained so that the evidence collected from using the samples can then be admissible in a court of law. This requires those collecting and storing samples not only to use gloves and tools to
DNA Fingerprinting The subject of DNA fingerprinting has become a prominent issue on several fronts. The applicable paradigms involved include law enforcement, privacy concerns and immigration, just to name a few. A few questions and concerns about DNA will be included in this repot including what precisely DNA fingerprinting is, how it is done, the step-by-step methods of fingerprinting, how DNA is compared on an electrophoresis (EPG), what precisely EPG is,
DNA in Criminal Cases - Solving Cold Cases in California with Forensic Science This research will attempt to analyze and discuss the feasibility of DNA testing in solving cold cases and will study the impact that DNA fingerprinting has had on the forensic science community as a whole. DNA is generally used to solve crimes in one of two ways. In cases where a suspect is identified, a sample of that person's
DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a complex giant molecule that contains, in chemically coded form, the information needed for a cell to make proteins (DNA Pp). DNA is a "ladderlike double-stranded nucleic acid that forms the basis of genetic inheritance in all organisms, except for a few viruses that have only RNA" (DNA Pp). DNA is organized into chromosomes, and, in organisms other than bacteria, is
The blueprint for what every one of us will be like appears at the instant in which the gametes of our father and mother merge to form a single whole, called the zygote or the fertilized egg. The entire message is encapsulated in the nucleus of this single cell -- more precisely, in its DNA molecule. This molecule carries information about the color of our eyes and hair, about our