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This is done in order to encourage consistency which is crucial in the periods of transition prior and after the given phenomenon is studied.
Repeated measurements- A given behavior is measured repeatedly. This techniques is never employed in many other experiments that involve the measurement of the dependent variable in only a single instance. The need of the repeated variables is in order to get a clear pattern and consistency in terms of the behavior being monitored over an extended period of time. There is a control for behavior that is anticipated over the short period of time and intervals. Such a move can be seen s similar to the ones involved in time series studies that are used in the investigation of a large group as opposed to individuals.
Description of the conditions: This research design requires a clear and detailed description of the various conditions that are to be used for the measurements. This form of treatment is needed in order to strengthen both the internal and the external validity of the study
Conditions used in the treatment of the base conditions:
Each and every single-subject research involves the use of at least a baseline as well as one treatment condition. The baseline in this case is used in order to refer to the period of time that is used or required in order to observe the target behavior (also referred to as dependent variable).This is followed with recording in real time without the use of any form of interventions. This baseline behavior is then used as a basis of reference against which the other future behaviors can be compared.It is worth noting that the term baseline can also be used in order to refer to the period of time that follows the treatment that involves the matching of the present conditions with original baseline conditions. Treatment condition in this case is the period of time in which there is a manipulation of the experiment. This is introduced when the target behavior is still being observed actively and recorded appropriately. The baseline and the treatment phases must be long enough so as to enable the achievement of stability in terms of the target behavior.
The single-variable rule: The process of carrying out a single-subject study involves the utilization of only one variable that must be exposed to baseline and treatment conditions. This is an...
This forms the interaction of a single-subject design
The three mainly accepted forms of single subject design are:
A-B -- A Withdrawal Designs
Multiple-Baseline Designs
Alternating treatments Design
Applicability and significance of single-subject design in classroom management
The fact that this research design can be used in the provision of individualized educational plans and support makes it beneficial since it makes use of systematic form analysis based on experiment (Dunlap & Kern, 1997).Its ability to be used to come up with evidence-based practices makes it appropriate for educators.
References
Dunlap. G., & Kern, L. (1997). The relevance of behavior analysis to special education. In J. L Paul, M. Churton, H. Roselli-Kostoryz, W. Morse, K. Marfo, C. Lavely, & D. Thomas (Eds.), Foundations of special education: Basic knowledge informing research and practice in special education (pp. 279-290). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Gresham. EM.. Gansel, K. A, & Kurtz, P.F. (1993). Treatment integrity in applied behavior analysis with Exceptional Children . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 257- 263.
Martella, R., Nelson, J.R., & Marchand-Manella, N. (1999). Research methods: Learning to become a critical research consumer. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
McReynolds, L.V., & Kearns K.P. (1983). Single-subject experimental designs in communicative disorders. Baltimore: University Park Press.
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