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Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is research performed on relatively small sample groups. The research tends to be very specialized and does not require large amounts of numerical information for its conclusion to be drawn. While qualitative research is for the most part accepted into academia, there are still some concerns that arise with qualitative research that are not present in quantitative research. These concerns include conflicts of interest, research with vulnerable and protected populations, and using self as the subject or heuristic research.
The first concern that can happen in qualitative research is conflicts of interest. The primary purpose of qualitative research is to describe a phenomenon through the eyes of the research subjects. Most qualitative research depends on interviews and observations of people in various scenarios. While the researcher conducts their observations they are structuring the questions and observations to meet the needs...
It is this aspect of the work that can lead to conflicts of interest within the research. For example, if a researcher was attempting to link stress and the emotional outlet of crying in a study, the researcher might ask questions that would lead all participants to a time when they cried in response to a stressful situation. While the research may yield a useful result for the study, the research is also skewed as it does nothing to confirm the commonality of the connection.
Another reason many within the research community are concerned about conflict of interest is due to the researcher's freedom of interpretation regarding their data. In a quantitative study, there are specific numerical relationships that are required to find a link in the research. In fact, in most cases causality is not even considered until at least 50% of the data reveals the desired result. In qualitative research, however, there are no required links regarding the actual amount of data. Furthermore,…
When conducted by a professional who is able to keep bias out of the equation, quantitative research can produce useful results; however given the great ethical concerns, it only makes sense that this form of research be limited to those with years of research experience.
Orb, Angelica; et al. (2001). Ethics in Qualitative Research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. Vol 33:1, 93-96.
Marshall, Catherine; Rossman, Gretchen (2011). Designing Qualitative Research. Sage Publications.
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