Federalism is a political system where power is separated between one central and several different regional governments. The basic idea is to limit the size and influence of the government by dividing the roles / responsibilities of each entity. ("Federalism") Describe the importance of federalism to American public administration.

In the case of the United States, federalism is a key in protecting the nation's civil liberties. This is because the power of the different levels of government is placing a check upon each other. During the process of running these organizations, is when administrators from both entities will have to work together on a host of issues. This is designed to ensure that interests of the general public are taken into account by having greater amounts of transparency and accountability. The best way to achieve these objectives is to have the roles and responsibilities divided between the different levels of government. This will ensure that the basic civil rights of the public are protected throughout the process. ("Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism")

How does it complicate administrators' pursuit of efficiency?

The way that this will complicate an administrator's position is through creating various delays in a host of programs and services. For example, suppose that the federal government is planning on updating the nation's transportation system. As the Department of Transportation, is leading these efforts. ("Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism")

The reason why is because these changes are occurring in all 50 states. This means that they will have to coordinate with them and make modifications to the plan. As each state will have different requirements and may want to have select programs in place. At the same time, there is the possibility that some of the Governors or legislators will be opposed to this kind of federal spending and will refuse the money. ("Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism")
These areas are showing how federal administrators will face a host of challenges when it comes to: introducing and implementing any kind of new program. This is from having to work with state officials (who have varying opinions and standards for implementing these types of initiatives). When this happens, it will make it difficult to effectively address a number of issues from a national perspective. ("Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism")

What are the political costs of making the government system less fragmented?

The political costs are that the government is less responsive to the needs of the people. This is because it is creating changes that will require officials from both levels working together. When there is any kind of opposition to these programs, this will slow down the ability of administrators to effectively deal with a host of challenges. ("Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism")

A good example of this can be seen…