How Greco Roman culture influenced stewardship

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The ancient Greeks and Romans had multiple different operational contexts for unique categorizations of stewards, from farming operations to household management, to financial oversight, but the common attribute in all stewardship roles was service through the execution of a set activities on behalf of an owner or master of property (Wilson, 2016, pp. 33–34). Wilson’s (2016) set of those activities and attributes (p. 39) were like those ascribed to a modern-day mid-level manager, to include planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling, as opposed to a leader, who focused on vision and strategy (Kotter, 1990, pp. 3–8). As such, two thousand years ago, the phrase steward leadership may have been considered somewhat oxymoronic, as the owner or master would have been considered the very singular leader and the steward more of a manager, i.e. not a leader. Furthermore, the ancient concept of a steward assumed an overtly subordinate role to the master, usually within the context of actual slavery (Wilson, 2016, p. 33). Conversely, while Rodin (2013) did not overtly address a Greco-Roman influence, his letter to the Romans intimated that Christ filled a godly stewardship role, which is more aligned to our modern-day vision of a nonprofit organization (NPO) volunteer leader (p. 42).

Furthering that idea, Wilson (2016) examined the proliferating nonprofit organization (NPO) several millennia later in which the master or owner of that property became the community itself and stewardship evolved into more of a trusteeship role (p. 31). However the connection to the original concept of stewardship remains as the control and direction of someone else’s property, but it has evolved into a very different context, in that the stewardship is voluntary such as in the service on a NPO Board of Trustees or Board of Directors. (Zollo et al., 2019, p. 111). This paradigm shift opens the opportunity for stewardship to beyond a caretaker status and into one where steward leadership is truly enabled as the volunteer stewards must drive the organization toward organizational responsiveness and social effectiveness (Zollo et al., 2019, p. 116). In summary, while Wilson’s (2010) early writings in his dissertation stated an intention to focus more on the role of the steward irrespective of the nature of the master (p. 119), the connection to current day stewardship in of NPOs seems to require the opposite in order to enable the concept of steward leadership as opposed to mere stewardship in the classic sense of two millennia ago.