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¶ … island biogeography theory have affected the principles and practice of conservation design.
Changes in equilibrium theory have caused revision in the equilibrium theory of island biogeography pioneered by MacArthur and Wilson (1963, 1967) that shaped local and global conservation designs. Since the 1970s and more particularly the 1980s, scientists have discovered that although the equilibrium theory may be heuristic it has massive holes in both its practicality and authenticity that impair it from being accepted seriously. As a result, principles and practice of conservation design have changed too (Wu, 2008).
The best way to see the difference is by understanding the equilibrium theory of island biogeography posited by MacArthur and Wilson and the results in design that accorded. All of these notions have since been overturned.
Drawing on the popular equilibrium theory, MacArthur and Wilson posited that species diversity on an island was primarily and constantly engineered by the twin variables of immigration and extinction. To that accord, therefore, their theory predicted four results: (1) that diversity on any given island would function according to an equilibrium homeostatic rate of equal immigration to equal extinction; (2) that there would be a proportionate effect of island to mainland distance effecting species' immigration...
Inferentially, therefore, engineers and theorists of conservation design set about constructing their projects on the island biogeography posited by MacArthur and Wilson. Some of the projects that were particularly engineered around these ideas were designs for nature reserves.
In the early 1970s, principles from Mac Arthur and Wilson's were presented and employed by the "World Conservation Strategy" later implemented by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1980. Some of the architectural ideas accepted and based upon the equilibrium supposition included the following: (1) That a large reserve was preferable to a smaller one and therefore animal species were housed in large reserves 2)That a single large reserve was preferable to several smaller tracts of land that totaled the same size as the large one (3) That when…
References
Botkin DB (1990) Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Janzen DH (1983) No park is an island: increase in interference from outside as park size decreases. Oikos, 41, 402 -- 410.
MacArthur RH, Wilson EO (1967) The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Wu, J. (2008). Changing perspectives on biodiversity conservation: from species protection to regional sustainability Biodiversity Science 16 (3): 205 -- 213
This is reflected in a long-term study of a bird community in an oak wood in Surrey, England with thirty-two breeding species and a turnover of three additions and three extinctions annually vs. As projected average of five in a similar population located an isolated ocean island (Ehrlich, Dobkin & Wheye 1988). Studies show the greater the distance from the mainland, the less diverse the range of species because of
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