Disaster Life Cycles and Major Disaster Events
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A disaster is an encounter between human population and the forces of harm in harm's way with its influences being in the ecological context (McDaniels & Small, 2004). Disaster causing hazards follow from either natural occurrences or human activities. Natural disasters include volcanic eruptions, floods, forest fires or wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes. Human disasters include terrorist attacks, war and deforestation (Wynne, 2008). In this paper, floods and war are the chosen disasters for discussion.
Disaster Life Cycle
Disaster life cycle gives four main components that help to reduce vulnerability to people with high potential of suffering or reducing its severity once it occurs. These include mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery (Grossi & Kunreuther, 2005). Mitigation entails exercises for minimizing or preventing the negative effects of possible disasters. Mitigation involves an analysis of possible disaster and coming up with strategies to minimize the likelihood for a hazard turning to a disaster (Grossi & Kunreuther, 2005). In the case for a hazard relating to floods, storm watching is necessary to give an analysis for a likely hit and strength of a storm causing floods. Ideal strategies to prevent loss of life and property will be flood-proofing homes and offices close to the risk areas.
Disaster preparedness calls for planning and preparations to help disaster vulnerable individuals and communities to get ready for disaster (Grossi & Kunreuther, 2005). These actions include stocking food, water, medical facilities and identifying willing individuals and groups to help deal with the disaster. Floods present a situation locking out individuals from accessing necessary amenities and supplies. Disaster preparedness calls for creating attention to the vulnerable groups to prepare for the likely situation in order to help in their survival and reduce further potential risks such as illness, starvation, or loss of life.
Disaster response involves the actions taken immediately or amid of the disaster occurring (Grossi & Kunreuther, 2005). The response activities involve efforts to safeguard human life and prevent further damage to property. This entails deploying the readily established disaster plan for preparedness in motion. The identified support groups and mechanisms are deployed to take necessary action towards saving lives, supplying food and providing medical attention to those in need.
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