An effective public transportation system has several positive effects including reducing local and regional energy expenditures; reducing dependence on fossil fuels and foreign energy supplies; improving the quality of life in the region as a whole; linking New Orleans with surrounding regions more effectively to stimulate clustered economic growth; and reducing income disparity by increasing access to jobs, public services, and educational institutions. An effective transportation system is also tourist-friendly and New Orleans has historically relied on tourist dollars as a large percentage of its economy. Finally, a networked transportation system will create jobs.
One of the great challenges in rebuilding New Orleans is overcoming the overwhelming setbacks that have already occurred during the rebuilding process. escue efforts were hampered by federal mismanagement of FIMA; the displacement of residents has never been fully remedied by state and federal government; insurance companies have stranded their customers, leading to deep and potentially…...
mlaReferences
Craven, J. (nd) How to rebuild New Orleans. Retrieved Mar 19, 2007 at http://architecture.about.com/od/communitydesign/a/rebuildno.htm
Fast Facts: Hurricane Katrina." (2005). FoxNews.com. Retrieved Mar 19, 2007 at http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,167306,00.html
Friedman, G. (2005) New Orleans: A geopolitical prize. Strategic Forecasting. Retrieved Mar 19, 2007 at http://www.stratfor.com/news/archive/050903-geopolitics_katrina.php
King, H. (2006). Rebuilding New Orleans. Geography.com. Retrieved Mar 19, 2007 at http://geology.com/articles/rebuilding-new-orleans.shtml
Natural Disasters
Disaster preparedness education program
Disasters take varied forms and they are bound to happen when lest expected. These are events that are not confined to any given location or region nor confined to given periods. This unpredictability of disaster makes them lethal and hard to contain or stay 100% safe from. It is however possible to take into account the mitigation measures that are appropriate in ensuring the best precaution is observed at the times when these disasters strike. For effective care to be taken, it calls for an absolute acquaintance with various facts and precautions as well as steps and directions to take in the event of a disaster. These can be achieved through a comprehensive education program on disaster management.
The disaster of interest here is the tornadoes or storms. This is due to the frequency of such disaster, their unpredictability in terms of extent of destruction as well…...
mlaReference
H. Bland, Erin S. O'Leary, Eduardo Ferinaro, Fabrizio Jossa & Maurizio Trevisan, (1996). Long-Term Psychological Effects of Natural Disasters. http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/content/58/1/18.full.pdf
A b) Event management
People react differently when faced with disaster, some may respond and follow the disaster response plan without a problem, other may forget key instructions and follow their own plans, the most dangerous situations however, are when individuals freeze and fail to act when disaster strikes. Response before, during and after a disaster can be the difference between life and death. (ridegan et al., 1997) Failure to heed a tornado warning when in open spaces can be disastrous, for example, there is no plan or emergency option that can help if an individual does not follow the instructions. Very often, adventurers and risk takers will try and approach the disaster region to try and experience the phenomena. Tornado chasers for example can be at high risk due to their fascination with tornadoes.
It is important that efficient and reliable plans for rescue and relief operation be put in place.…...
mlaBibliography
Achenbach, Joel. "Threat Level Gray; When the Danger Is Relative, Assessing Risk Can Be, Well, Risky." The Washington post, Washington DC. February 8 (2004): D.01.
Bridegan, Gaylord, et al. "Contained Response: Environmental Emergency Planning." Risk Management 44.5 (1997): 40-42.
CNN. Fort Worth Surveys Tornado Damage, Counts the Cost. 2000. CNN. Available:
June 10, 2007.http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WEATHER/03/30/ft.worth.tornado.01/index.html.
Natural disasters can be traced to weather-related phenomena and therefore can be discussed without any reference to politics or human social behavior. On the surface, natural disasters do not seem to be a sociological issue. However, natural disasters have sociological causes and solutions. Human technological advancements have caused dramatic enough chemical changes in the atmosphere to lead to climatic and geological changes. Those technological advancements were achieved in part due to the exploitation of laborers, a clear sociological issue. Discovering the ideal public policies related to minimizing natural disasters without sacrificing technological growth also requires a sociological mindset. Moreover, natural disasters have definite human consequences in terms of quality of life and social justice. The consequences of natural disasters and their political causes warrant attention to the politics of commerce. Sociological problems of natural disasters are also related to recovery and rescue operations. The sociological implications of natural disasters include…...
mlaReferences
"Consumerism," (n.d.). Consumerism - Consumerism And Mass Production
Louis ay and iloxi with approximately 12,500 homes sustaining extensive or catastrophic damage. (Moody, 2004) Homes in the New Orleans area were instantly washed away as the dikes in town broke explosively when the storm hit. Those most affected as in South Africa were those living in poverty in very poorly constructed homes.
III. FINDINGS of RISK ASSESSMENT
This brief yet critical assessment conducted in a comparative of South Africa and New Orleans in terms of the future mitigation of the devastation of such events has noted specific facts that must be addressed in these type of areas across the globe which include: (1) Poverty areas exist across the globe in such locations; (2) Housing structural integrity in areas of poverty is known to be poorly constructed and in disrepair; (3) oth government and community initiatives to address the needs of housing in these areas due to potentialities of repeated exposure…...
mlaBibliography
The Role of Institutions in Reducing Vulnerability to Recurrent Natural Disasters in sustainable livelihoods development: Case Study South-Africa (2005) Department of Social Services and Poverty Alleviation of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape. & United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the Provincial Development Council of the Western Cape. Online available at http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe4/pe4_050701_en.htm
Disaster Costs in South Africa (2007) Online available at http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/238228/Krovvidi_RapidOnsetPresentation.pdf
Kamara, James (2004) Indigenous Knowledge in Natural Disaster Reduction in Africa. The Environment Times. UNEP 2004. Online available at http://www.environmenttimes.net/article.cfm?pageID=132
March 2003 Cut-off Law: Consolidated Report (2003) Department of Social Services and Poverty Alleviation of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape. & United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the Provincial Development Council of the Western Cape. Online available at http://www.egs.uct.ac.za/engeo/research/Montagu_ConsolidatedReports12.dochttp://www.egs.uct.ac.za/engeo/research/summary.docand
natural disaster, such as a tornado, the responsibility for communicating with and caring for the population falls on elected officials and civic leaders. Having an emergency communications network in place is essential.
Communications services provides an emergency communications reserve based on a variety of volunteer skills, including administrative, technical and operational, for emergency tactical, administrative and logistical communications between the city, its agencies, and county government.
With the report of tornado damage in the neighboring town and a current tornado warning having been issued it is not unexpected that some or all of the communication infrastructure in the disaster related areas would be disabled or even destroyed. The main function of emergency communications is to set up communication networks so that survivors can establish a contact or can be located by the rescue teams through common electronic devices such as cellular phones.
In the case that some cellular networks are working, those…...
mlaReferences
Roberts, M. (2007). Florida counties experience deja vu. Mobile Radio Technology, 25(3), 16-17. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Hinton, D., Klein, T.E., & Haner, M. (2005). An Architectural Proposal for Future Wireless Emergency Response Networks with Broadband Services. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 10(2), 121-138. doi:10.1002/bltj.
Emergency Plan
This is mostly experienced in case where the trauma caused psychological disorders, phobias, and depression, and this may go as far as inhibiting the maturation process of the child and even interacting with the emerging personality. According to Newman (1976) three factors can be used to predict the psychological effects of disasters on children, these are; the child's developmental level, the child's perception about the family's response to the disaster, and the child's level of exposure to the traumatic experience. A number of studies on a child's reaction to disaster in relation to family's response have mainly concentrated on their mothers. A report by McFarlane (1987) indicated that post-traumatic symptoms in children who had been exposed to the Australian bushfires had a close relation to the anxiety of the mothers than to the exposure level. The family's reaction to and integration after the stressful experience is therefore one of…...
mlaReferences
Acierno, R. et al., (2002). Psychopathology following interpersonal violence: A comparison of risk factors in older and younger adults. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8:13-23.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2005). Helping children after a disaster. Retrieved 15 March, 2010. from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/disaster.htm
Bahrick, L.E., et al. (1998). The effects of stress on young children's memory for a natural disaster. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 4, 308 -- 331.
Bates, F.L., & Peacock, W.G. (1987). Disasters and social change. In Dynes, R.R. et al. (eds.).
man-made and natural disasters have been a menace in the world today with traumatized people dying in large numbers. The trauma centers have not been able to cope with this issue due to different reasons. This has brought the interest of the research because the tragedies can be minimized. Preparedness is the major area to be considered since it seems that neither the community nor the government is normally well prepared for this (Gold 2009). The trauma clinics that have been set up at the local level also seem to be facing difficulties with handling of these disasters. The research will help in identifying which areas need to be specifically looked at for the proper handling of the trauma patients. Different methodologies will be used to collect data and different objectives will be addressed.
The theory is highly on a result of the medical approach to this trauma stress. Most…...
mlaReferences
Benight, C.C. (2012). Understanding human adaptation during traumatic stress exposure: Beyond the medical model. Psychological Trauma: Research, Theory, Practice, & Policy, 4(1), 1-8
Cook, J.M., Dinnen, S., Rehman, O., Bufka, L., & Courtois, C. (2011). Responses of a sample in practicing psychologists to questions about clinical work with trauma & interest in specialized training Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, And Policy, 3(3), 253-257.
Gold, S.N. (2009). About Psychological Trauma: Research, Theory, Practice, & Policy. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, & Policy, 1(1), 1-2
Mattar, S. (2011). Educating and training the next generations of traumatologists: Development of cultural competencies. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, & Policy, 3(3), 258-265
Response to Amber YoungYour article identifies and describes Hurricane Katrina as a natural disaster that affected peoples lives and property. As your pointed out, the disaster claimed the lives of over 1,800 people. However, you did not discuss the public health crisis that emerged as a result of the disaster. Hurricane Katrina did not only claim the lives of hundreds of people but also created a public health emergency that involved response from various stakeholders including FEMA. In addition, you talked about how the response to the disaster was slow without specifying what kind of humanitarian response was adopted by the respective agencies. The humanitarian response to this disaster included providing relief like food and medical supplies and evacuation.Response to John MurphyThe Tornado Super Outbreak in Alabama in 2011 is a natural disaster that changed the lives of many people. Natural disasters are mostly associated with loss of lives and…...
mlaReference
Katz, R. & Banaski, J. (2018). Essentials of public health preparedness and emergency management (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
The field workers will be required to return every evening to rest and recharge their efforts. When they return, there will be a debriefing session to discuss the day's events and the structure of the effort for the next day. A daily assessment will be made of the volunteers' emotional state, and decisions made regarding their position in the effort. Those who suffer breakdowns will be sent away for professional care and replaced by fresh volunteers.
If a volunteer is visibly affected by the stress but not at breakdown level, I will conduct a meeting with the person to determine his or her willingness to continue being part of the program. In such a case, I would then retain the volunteer in question for duty at the base camp for a day or two until I can ensure that the person is ready for field duty again.
For the debriefing sessions, I…...
mlaReferences
Orioniso. (2010). Headwaters Relief Organization Volunteers Assist with Tornado Recovery in Wadena, Minnesota. Retrieved from: http://www.orioniso.com/news/2010-06-wadena/index.html
Sanders, M. (2008). Volunteers Support Each other through Emotion, Stress of Tennessee Tornado Response. American Red Cross. Retrieved from: http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem.1a019a978f421296e81ec89e43181aa0/?vgnextoid=2b9c248ab8f7b110VgnVCM10000089f0870aRCRD
Hurricane Katrina
In late August of 2005, a giant tropical storm ravaged the southeastern area of the United States. This hurricane, also known as Hurricane Katrina was an incredibly strong and violent storm that took the lives of nearly 1900 people and displaced hundreds of thousands more in an experience not seen in modern America.
Here in America, we are used to seeing these types of storms and natural disasters affect others in far off places. Tsunamis, earthquakes and mudslides are often presented in other countries as playing a major and devastating impact on the lives of those people who were confronted with such disasters. Here in America, however, Hurricane Katrina exposed the true meddle and resolve of a nation that exposed our vulnerability and gave new credence and power to Mother Nature.
Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive storm to ever hit the United States and those who felt the brunt…...
mlaReferences
DeSalvo, K.B., Hyre, A.D., Ompad, D.C., Menke, A., Tynes, L.L., & Muntner, P. (2007). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a New Orleans workforce following Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Urban Health, 84(2), 142-152.
Kessler, R.C., Galea, S., Jones, R.T., & Parker, H.A. (2006). Mental illness and suicidality after Hurricane Katrina. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(12), 930-939.
Weems, C.F., Watts, S.E., Marsee, M.A., Taylor, L.K., Costa, N.M., Cannon, M.F., ... & Pina, A.A. (2007). The psychosocial impact of Hurricane Katrina: Contextual differences in psychological symptoms, social support, and discrimination. Behaviour research and therapy, 45(10), 2295-2306.
In the case of Hurricane Andrew a behavioral analysis was conducted following the hurricane. According to assessment of Hurricane Andrew for roward and Dade Counties,
"The percentage of residents who evacuated (i.e., left their homes to go someplace they believed would be safer) in Andrew varied by proximity to the shoreline. In roward county 69% left from the Category 1-2 surge zone, and in Dade 71% left from the Category 1 area. In the roward Category 3 and Dade Category 2-3 zones 63% evacuated, and in Category 4-5 zones 46% left from roward and 33% left from Dade. In both counties 13% evacuated from inland areas beyond the Category 4-5 surge limits. Had Andrew's track been slightly farther north, a significant number of homes that were not evacuated would have been flooded ("Hurricane Andrew Assessment-Florida." )"
With these things understood concerning the behavior of people who were asked to evacuate the area…...
mlaBibliography
Catastrophic Hurricane Evacuation Plan Evaluation: A Report to Congress. Retrieved April 30, 2010 from; http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/hurricanevacuation/rtc_chep_eval.pdf
Hurricane Andrew. Retrieved April 30, 2010 from; http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html
Hurricane Andrew Assessment. Retrieved April 30, 2010 from; http://www.csc.noaa.gov/hes/docs/postStorm/H_ANDREW_ASSESSMENT_REVIEW_HES_UTILIZATION_INFO_DISSEMINATION.pdf
Wolshon, B., Urbina, E., Levitan, M., and Wilmot, C. (2005A) Review of Policies and Practices for Hurricane Evacuation. I: Transportation Planning, Preparedness, and Response. Natural hazards review. 6 (3),
safety hazards, from fires to natural disasters and I think we can view violence as another one after things like Sandy Hook. I know the buildings in the area sometimes need to be modified to withstand the natural disasters, and there are stringent fire codes as well. Things like asbestos would have been replaced by newer flame retardants. The violence issue has not really been dealt with. I'm not sure what the best solution here is, and I think that the school administrators are unsure as well.
Journal 3. I grew up in a multicultural community and we took learning about other cultures as second nature. I cannot think of a better approach. Health and safety have nothing to do with culture -- these are universal. Nutrition is a little different because kids eat so differently at home in different cultures. I had a Japanese friend and learned about sushi.…...
mlaReferences
Plant, J., Berg, F. & Brookhart, L. (2013). The 20 best snacks for kids. Parents.com. Retrieved November 12, 2013 from http://www.parents.com/toddlers-preschoolers/feeding/healthy-eating/the-20-best-snacks-for-kids
Ebbeling, C., Pawlak, D. & Ludwig, D. (2002). Childhood obesity: Public health crisis, common sense cure. The Lancet. Vol. 360 (2002) 473-482.
Natural disasters have the potential to dramatically alter life in local communities. The loss of human life reverberates through the generations, as does the loss of local businesses and the generalized economic and psychosocial strain. Yet there are also larger impacts from localized events, such as changes to public policy and political philosophies resulting from major natural disasters. One of the most impactful natural disasters in recent American history is undoubtedly Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina showed Americans the many shortcomings of federal disaster relief response programs like the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which was restructured after the event (Zimmerman, 2015). In addition to the political ramifications from Katrina, the storm revealed weaknesses in local, state, and federal infrastructure: showing that public spending patterns need to change in order to make American communities more resilient in the future. Another reason why Katrina remains one of the most important and impactful…...
Climate Change, Energy, and Natural DisastersClimate change and energy consumption are deeply intertwined within the global system, driving changes in weather patterns and increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters. These environmental shifts, in turn, significantly impact societal structures, exacerbating conflicts, affecting health outcomes, and threatening food security. The agricultural industry, which is both a victim and a perpetrator of these changes, is also at the heart of this web of interactions, influencing and being influenced both by health and global politics.Climate Change, Energy, and Their Impact on Natural DisastersClimate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns (Prakash, 2021). It is primarily driven by human activities, particularly burning fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal, which release greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, enhancing the natural greenhouse effect and causing global warming. Energy production and consumption are among the primary contributors to climate change because most…...
mlaReferencesDash, P., & Punia, M. (2019). Governance and disaster: Analysis of land use policy with reference to Uttarakhand flood 2013, India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 36, 101090.Deaconu, A., Mercille, G., & Batal, M. (2019). The agroecological farmer’s pathways from agriculture to nutrition: a practice-based case from Ecuador’s highlands. Ecology of food and nutrition, 58(2), 142-165.Jiang, Q., Yue, Y., & Gao, L. (2019). The spatial-temporal patterns of heatwave hazard impacts on wheat in northern China under extreme climate scenarios. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 10(1), 2346-2367.Prakash, S. (2021). Impact of Climate change on Aquatic Ecosystem and its Biodiversity: An overview. International Journal of Biological Innovations, 3(2).Vos, S. R., Clark?Ginsberg, A., Puente?Duran, S., Salas?Wright, C. P., Duque, M. C., Herrera, I. C., ... & Schwartz, S. J. (2021). The family crisis migration stress framework: A framework to understand the mental health effects of crisis migration on children and families caused by disasters. New directions for child and adolescent development, 2021(176), 41-59.
Emergency management is the practice of handling disasters, whether manmade or natural disasters. There are different levels of emergency management, because emergencies can be local, citywide, statewide, countrywide, or even global. The current COVID-19 pandemic is a great example of a global emergency and how different regions have handled the pandemic highlight differences in emergency management.
There are a number of different topics to explore in terms of emergency management:
A conceptual framework is a type of tool used to analyze a topic. Generally, in an academic context a conceptual framework is going to fall into one of several broad categories, including a working hypothesis, pillar questions, descriptive categories, models for decision making, or a formal hypothesis. Deciding what approach you want to take to your research topic of how women leaders respond in time of crises in the field of education will help you decide what approach you want to take, which will guide your development of a conceptual framework.
Based on....
Global climate change is a very interesting topic for an essay. While the scientific evidence for climate change is extremely strong, there has been a push by many to deny or minimize the science. This is not a science-driven approach, but an economic one. There are negative short-term economic consequences that come with attempting to mitigate climate change. However, this position is short-sighted, as the long-term negative economic impact of climate change could be devastating.
In fact, because most climate change essays focus on the science, the economy is a great topic for....
1. The impact of global warming on natural disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires.
2. The role of human activities in causing global warming.
3. The effects of melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels on coastal communities.
4. The importance of renewable energy sources in combating global warming.
5. The role of international cooperation in addressing global warming.
6. The economic consequences of global warming for industries such as agriculture, tourism, and insurance.
7. The social and health impacts of global warming on vulnerable populations.
8. The role of education and awareness in combating global warming.
9. The ethical considerations surrounding global warming and climate....
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