Caffeine and Nicotine: What They Do to the Body and Mind Over the last several years, there has been continuing debate about the long-term impact of caffeine and tobacco consumption. This is because most people are consuming either one or both of these products on a regular basis. Various forms of research are showing that this will have an adverse impact on the underlying levels of health for the individual. To

Smoking and the Autonomic Nervous There is much controversy with regard to smoking in the contemporary society, as the practice is widely promoted and accepted in spite of the fact that the masses are well acquainted with the negative effects it can have on the body. In individuals who smoke on a regular basis, the activity lowers baseline stages of nerve activities in the vagal-cardiac areas and has a restructuring effect

TREATMENT OF PRISONERS IN THE U.S. AND RUSSIA How Does the United States Compare to Russia in Following the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners? There are nearly 9 million people under certain forms of incarceration or supervision across the globe. The United States has the highest number of prisoners or individuals under some of supervision since approximately 25% of the world's prisoners are held in the country (U.S.

Smoking Cessation Smoking is a central factor in many pathological conditions. Nearly all smokers have at least some idea of the risks associated with the practice yet chose to smoke anyway. The adverse effects of tobacco use on cardiopulmonary function are well established and recognized; less evident, but equally important, is its impact on all aspects of physical therapist practice, including integumentary, musculoskeletal, and neuromuscular health (Pignataro, Ohtake, & Dino, 2012).

Hypertension One of the major health problems that the American society and the whole world experience is the prevalence of hypertension or high- blood pressure- caused illnesses or deaths in many people today. A special report made by the website Lifeclinic.com stated that almost 50 million Americans have hypertension, "1 in every 4 adults" (2002). This statistic illustrates the increasing number of people who are gradually suffering and eventually dying due

Properties, Abuse Patterns, and Effects of Methamphetamine Characteristics of Methamphetamine Methamphetamine also referred to as "meth" describes a powerful man-made drug that adversely impacts the central nervous system. Common terms used to refer to meth include glass, speed ice, crystal, and crank. The preparation of meth engages the catalytic hydrogenation of pseudoephedrine or ephedrine and subsequent conversion to hydrochloride. Preparation of meth can also engage reducing the condensation product of methylamine and