Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981. Tsou, Tang. America's Failure in China, 1941-50. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.

The facility of most-favored-nation was later extended by the Chinese to other foreign powers as well.

Although most countries did not formally agree with the "Open Door Policy," John Hay went on to unilaterally declare that they had endorsed the policy.

This consisted of an oil embargo and freezing of Japanese assets in the months preceding...

Such misplaced optimism continues to be the Achilles heel of the U.S. foreign office: the same mistake was made while planning the Iraq invasion recently with disastrous consequences
The U.S. exports to China never exceeded 4% of its annual exports after the declaration of the Open Door Policy, and more often hovered around 1% ("Open Door Policy")

Open Door Policy