Substantial documentation signifies that in various instances, the accessibility of one's effective memory ability or attentional resources can be vital for the comprehension of deferred intentions.
Richard L. Marsh, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, Jason L. Hicks, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Gabriel I. Cook (2006), University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, examine whether ask interference, having an intention, creates a cost to other ongoing activities. In the journal article, "Task interference from prospective memories covaries with contextual associations of fulfilling them," Marsh, Hicks and Cook report contemporary research indicates that particular intentions held over the shorter term interfere with other tasks. As the collective effect of such costs would prove prohibitively costly in everyday life, Marsh, Hicks and Cook investigate one way to potentially reduce that interference.
Ccorrelating intention fulfillment with a precise context can eradicate task interference, Marsh, Hicks and Cook (2006) find. Examining intentions linked to future contexts vs. those not related proves to be a significant investment. Marsh, Hicks and Cook (2006) explain that one vital function of memory involves storing intentions about future activities, goals and plans. In the scientific literature, everyday examples of actions termed prospective memory include "intending to refill a prescription, planning a trip to the grocery store, setting aside a future time to write, read, or work on a hobby, or forming the intention to give someone a piece of information" (Marsh, Hicks & Cook, 2006, ¶ 2).
From their study exploring the degree that a prospective memory interferes with a continuing activity, Marsh, Hicks and Cook (2006) report in some instances, uncertain conditions may stimulate task interference in contexts where interference could have potentially be avoided otherwise. Marsh, Hicks, and Cook also find:
Maintaining an intention in an active state of readiness over the longer term would seem to be prohibitively expensive in terms of its deleterious effect on ongoing activities. We hypothesized that one way to off-load this cost would be to form a very specific intention and consider the future contexts that one might be in when the next opportunity to fulfill the intention would arise. Doing so would mean that an attentional-allocation policy toward an ongoing activity would not have to be modified until a context was reached that was linked to an intention. The data from the two experiments reported here are consistent with that hypothesis. (Marsh, Hicks & Cook, 2006, General Discussion Section, ¶ 1)
More investigation needs to be completed regarding their study's focus, Marsh, Hicks and Cook (2006) propose as they find that, nevertheless, "breaks and starting new tasks serve to reset attentional-allocation policies" (General Discussion Section, ¶ 7). This explains why task interference does not occur when an intention links to a diverse context.
Focal and Nonfocal Cues
Brewer, Knight, Marsh and Unsworth (2010) assert that consideration of whether or not a person having an intention creates a cost to additional continuing activities, task interference, constitutes a current issue in the prospective memory field. Their study explores the extent that possessing a prospective memory interferes with the individual's ongoing activity. The multiprocess theory asserts that, partially depending on the specificity of the cue, various processes can be utilized to detect event-based prospective memory cues. This perspective contends that attentional processes may not necessarily depend on focal cues, while nonfocal cues mandate some type of controlled attention.
To test this theory, Brewer, Knight, Marsh and Unsworth (2010) include participants with both high and low working memory capacities; utilizing a design comparing focal and nonfocal prospective memory task. The results of this study show that a distinct difference exists between focal and nonfocal cues and how they provoke one's memory. This study determined that individuals with high working memory were able to detect nonfocal cues on a much higher basis than participants with low working memory. In some specific situations relating to apparent deficits in prospective memory, however, despite focal and nonfocal cues, an older individual may have to contend with a variety of material and/or physical limitations that may prohibit him from carrying out particular activities or actions.
Prospective Memory in Older Adults
As an individual ages, the prospect of actual or potential memory impairment functioning may serve as a significant threat for some adults. A number of theories of memory functioning into later life, with supporting evidence, suggest that aging does contribute to memory loss. "The consequence of age on the different mechanisms or neural pathways involved in these different memory systems[,] [nevertheless, remains] unclear. In total, 'despite the phenomenological and empirical reality of age-related memory loss and the breadth...
Neonatal Developmental to Memory Loss Stage The centrality of memory to normal human functioning has long been the focus of ongoing research, and a great deal of understanding has been gained concerning the organic processes that are involved in retaining and recalling information during different stages of life. To determine what has been learned about learning and memory across the lifespan, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and
National Patient Safety Goals -- the Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals NR224 Fundamentals -- Skills Dr. Ukot The brochure from The Joint Commission entitled What You Should Know About Memory Problems and Dementia was published online on November 13, 2013. Eight professional associations collaborated with The Joint Commission to produce this brochure that is intended to be a reference for people who suspect that they may have a memory problem and are concerned
Memory has been separated into three categories on the basis of the "amount of time the memory lasts." (Zhang, 2004, p.1) The three categories are stated to include the following: (1) sensory memory; (2) short-term memory; and (3) long-term memory. (Zhang, 2004, p.1) The focus of this brief study is to describe each of these memory storage processes. Sensory Memory & Short-Term Memory Sensory memory is reported to act as "a buffer
267266 correct context of schema, 2.016461 correct no context of schema, 2.12909 correct context to List B. And 2.353001 correct no context. Free recall refers to remembering unrelated items in any order immediately following presentation. Delayed recall occurs between hearing the words and writing them down. Recognition is the identification of items previously learned. Primacy effect occurs after the enhanced recall of items presented at the beginning of the list, while
Loss of Function on the Quality of life and Independence, and Quality of life for the elderly Population Although living longer comes with a price, having a good social relationship, support system, social relationships, and residing in their own abode is what could give seniors independence, happiness, and quality of life. Before discussing how a given loss of function influences the quality of life and the independence of an aging
Learning and Cognitive Psychology Related to Memory Memory has control over everything that an individual does and is a part of cognitive psychology that deals with all the human behavior and mental processes. It is divided into different categories with each of them performing their particular functions. The paper investigates the different types of memories and their purpose as each one plays its part in keeping the memory part of the
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now