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Psychology -- Aspects of the Self
As a women, I have been intimately familiar with interdependency for the majority of my life. It is only in the last few years that I have embraced a level of independence that rivals that of the men I know. Triandis (1994) suggests that we draw on the interdependent and independent aspects of ourselves as we need to, but I suspect that these construals are also established by the moment-by-moment interactions we have with others. My independence is represented by the social roles that I adopt: I am a sister and a girlfriend. In these roles, I proceed from a relational construal. My actions are fundamentally considered to be my own, reflecting well or poorly on me -- not on my brother and not on my girlfriends. Similarly, my interdependency is reflected in my role as a daughter. Social and familial regard for me as a daughter is highly associated with my family members, who my parents are, and where we are positioned in our culture and community. When I received recognition for...
They felt that the achievement was as much theirs as it was mine. There is an assumption that the rightness or wrongness of my upbringing is demonstrated through my behavior. This interdependency between offspring and parents seems inescapable. However, it never crossed my mind at the time I was giving service in my community that I was doing so in an interdependent manner -- I believed that I was acting as my own independent agent. My siblings and my friends, while they did applaud my success, did not take any ownership in my achievement. To my peers and my siblings, it was simply a nice thing to happen to me, but it did not reflect on them -- because my success was achieved independently, it was an event both distant and separate from them.
Fear of censorship can be a key driver of interdependent construal. Kitayama, et al. (1997) would argue that my efforts in the community are based in my independent self-construal and --…
References
Kitayama, S., Marcus, H.R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: self-enhancement in the United States and self -criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1245-1267.
Kuo, B.C.H., & Gingrich, L. (2004). Correlates of self-construals among Asian and Caucasian undergraduates in Canada: Cultural patterns and implications for counseling. Guidance and Counceling, 20, 78-88.
Triandis, H.C. (1994). Culture and social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Positive Psychology / Positive Relationships Marriage and Well-Being In the book, Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Flourishing, 2nd Edition, the authors explain that "…frequent findings in the literature on subjective well-being" reveals that there is a strong link between "marriage and self-reported happiness and life satisfaction" (Compton, et al., 2012, 103). The authors insist this is true no matter what age groups are involved in the research; studies referenced by
In conclusion, although positive psychology has been accused of naive optimism, the truth is that research in the area can have a real impact upon people's mentalities and lives. Its character is more descriptive than prescriptive. Its purpose is to prevent rather than to heal. In order to achieve this purpose it relies upon strengths, such as optimist, a state of mind which can be learned and measured. Although there
Positive Psychology is a scientific study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive (Positive Psychology Center, 2007). It was founded on the belief that people want to lead fulfilling and meaningful lives, to understand what is best within themselves, and to have better experiences with love, work, and play. Positive psychology is concerned with positive individual traits, emotions, and institutions. It involves the study of
In an introduction study, they set up cross-cultural sameness of fifty daily events. In the chief study, people in the United States, Korea, and Japan filled out day after day surveys on the fifty actions and daily happiness for twenty one days. The multilevel random coefficient model examination showed that the within-person connection between optimistic events and daily happiness was considerably stronger amid Asian-American, Korean, and Japanese participants than
Another near-contemporary of Rogers and Maslow is Albert Bandura, whose social learning theory is more part of the behaviorist school than the humanist, though these are not as dissimilar as is often thought (Bandura 2010; Ricks & Wandersman 1982). Ultimately, though Bandura's work is most famous for explaining aggression and other behavior developments, it is truly concerned with how people develop into functioning and satisfied human beings (Bandura 2010; Bandura
I go on this run religiously, with very little variance. In fact, I never change the route. The only thing I change with respect to the run is whether I start eastwardly up the block or westwardly up the block. In a sense, deciding whether I run the route "forwards" or "backwards." What's interesting is that I don't really enjoy running. I like it, but I don't love it. What