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The dependent measures were pedagogical quality, scores based on assessment quality and academic achievement. The independent measures were leadership, school demographics and control variables. To convert leadership to a measurable variable a framework was given which was constructed from the results of the teacher surveys and observation of the principal and managerial meetings. These outcome measures were suitable for the purpose of the study.
Results and Analysis
Scatterplots were used to show the distribution of schools according to leadership styles. One way analysis of ANOVA was used to compare the means for schools on the measurable characteristics. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to investigate the effect of school leadership on pedagogical quality and academic achievement. This was necessary due to the level of complexity of the multiple variables.
Overall it was found that schools were varied in their levels of the two leadership styles. The study concluded that transformational leadership must be present for instructional leadership to be present,...
It was found that overall that if both leadership styles coexist within the school this results in significantly higher achievement. The conclusions of the study were sound as they were based on extensive quantitative analysis and were compared to other previous studies which have shown similar results.
Reflection
The implications for practice from the study apply to every school in the country. The study concluded that there must be a co-existence of the two leadership styles if there is to be a significant rise in school achievement. This shows that it is important for the school to ensure that there is not only one style of leadership used, but that the principal and teachers work collaboratively together using a combination of the two styles.
References
Marks, H.M. And Printy, S.M. (2003) Principal leadership and school performance: An integration of transformational and instructional leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 39: 370.
School Leadership
Assessment Competencies Abstract Assessment in education is referred to a range of tools or methods used by educators to measure, document and evaluate the academics readiness, skill acquisition, progress and learning needs of students. The tracking progress report plays an important role to the student since it gauges where they are heading in terms of academics. Assessment is often likened to the traditional standardized tests but educators nowadays, use different types of
Leadership Styles Among Male and Female Principal It is the intention of this research to study the leadership and cognitive styles of teachers and instructors of both genders within the educational system and their preference for types of leadership in a principal of that institution. The research will include teachers and educators from all levels of the educational system from grade school to high school. The study will also include teachers and
Louis and Smith (1991) identify such congruence as an indicator of the quality of work life influencing levels of teacher engagement with their work." An appreciation by teachers of a significant gap between their current practices and those implied by the changes being proposed within their schools." perception, on the part of teachers, that participating in the school's change initiative is a significant but achievable challenge. Shedd and Bacharach (1991)
While the superintendent may feel or even firmly believe that they have covered all of the bases on expenditures and other relevant issues in school budgeting, the failure to connect to other stakeholders throughout the district, who may or may not add to the data that the superintendent has prepared for presentation, is likely to result in some among those stakeholders feeling slighted or ignored and often lead to
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Leadership in the School Settings The concept of distributed leadership in the educational setting The application of distributed leadership in a middle school setting The benefits of distributed leadership Servant leadership In this paper, we present an analysis of servant leadership as well as distributed leadership as well as a description of how they can be used in the educational settings. The paper presents an elaborate discussion of how one might implement an initiative