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All judges of the above courts are appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate (USCourts, 2012).
In all cases, the court serves as the arena where disputes are argued, and a fair verdict pronounced. The court is normally, replete with what is called a workgroup which comprises the prosecutor, the attorney for the defense and Judge, apart from the various other court clerks, attorney's assistants and other court functionaries. The prosecuting attorney is to lay all facts and evidence and the details of crimes and witnesses before the honorable court and convince the court why the suspect should be found guilty and sentenced. The defense attorney will argue the case for his client and try to get him maximum remission (Lawrence, 1996). Having heard the arguments, of the defense and prosecution, the judge considers it thoroughly and provides a judgment.
Once the pretrial procedures are completed, and decisions are arrived as to whether it is a case of felony or misdemeanor, the accused is produced in front of the judge in the district court, before which he is informed of his legal rights. The judge then decides upon a bail bond depending on the resources of the offender, after which he is released with several overriding conditions (Justice, 2012).
The process of an agreement between the defendant and prosecutor accepting for a single judge to hear the arguments and dispose off a case, is referred to as a "bench trial." However, if the defendant has apprehensions of true justice being meted out to him under...
12 of them are selected by a blind draw, and these men/women are interviewed until 12, if not at least 6 are selected as jurors. The prosecution attorney then issues an opening statement, followed by one by the defense attorney. Witnesses are called by the prosecutor and the defense attorney separately, each with the right to cross examine. A responsible citizen is duty-bound to serve the role of a witness in a crime trial for criminal prosecution in the courts. The witness may be affiliated either to the prosecution or the defense. Both the prosecution and defense produce closing statements. The jury deliberates and reaches a verdict, which is required to be unanimous (Justice, 2012).
Corrections
The correctional system is divided into jails for minor offenders and prison for grossly large offenders. The jails (run by local bodies) more or less takes on correctional overtones while the prison is for hardened criminals with repeated criminal records. Interestingly, the U.S. which contributes to only 5% of the world population has over 250,000 prisoners (E.C. Viano, 2008).
References
Justice.gov, (2012) Victim Witness Program, Available at
Richardson, L. (1988) "Jan Mayen in Perspective," American Journal of International Law, 82: 443-458
Ray Moses, (1998) JURY SELECTION, in Criminal Cases, Available at < http://criminaldefense.homestead.com/JurySelection.html
Lawrence, Z. (1996) Regionalism, Multilateralism, and Deeper Integration.
Timothy Roufa, (2011) the Basics of the American Criminal Justice System, Available at: http://criminologycareers.about. com/od/Criminology_Basics/a/the-Basics-of-the-American-Criminal-Justice-System.htm, About.com Guide.
USCourts.gov, (2012) Understanding Federal and State Courts, Available at: http://www.uscourts.gov/EducationalResources / FederalCourtBasics/CourtStructure/UnderstandingFederalAndStateCourts.aspx.
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