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Development of independence is shown by their ability to accomplish tasks on their own. They can start new things and have a range of activities to choose from. At this stage, children learn to develop attachment to others. Pittman, Margaret, & Kerp (2011) argue that by the age of two and three years, it may take a child one hour before returning to a secure base ( close to care giver). At the age of four and five, the observation takes three hours before the child returns. This shift from shorter to longer cycle according to Bowlby, (1973), represented the child's relationship to the caregiver.
Normal and abnormal growth and development
Witner (1909) pointed out that the normal and abnormal development of a child is aspects of a child that can be diagnosed and even treated clinically. A normal development process of a child entail sound emotional, cognitive and physical development while an abnormal growth and development results whenever an element of emotional, cognitive and physical development is missing or is not well developed.
Conclusion
Every child should experience a sound development in term of physical, emotional, psychological and physical growth. This is because as pointed out earlier, all these stages are intricately intertwined and therefore a deficiency in one domain would adversely affect the rest.
References
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References
Atkinson, B. (1984). Milestone for children. Nursing standard: official newspaper of the Royal College of Nursing, p. 372.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press
Bell.M.A and Wolfe, C.D (2004).Emotion and Cognition: An Intricately Bound Developmental Process. Child Development, March/April 2004, Volume 75, Number 2, Pages 366-370
Bee, H., & Boyd, D. (2009). The Developing Child. Pearson Education.
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