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He hypothesized that certain parts within the brain could map with certain areas of cognitive functioning, such as social, cognitive, or creative functions. To prove this, Gardner cites cases of brain damage that leads to the loss of some, but not all, cognitive functions. On this basis, one could also say that Spearman's test findings, while all located in the brain, relate to different parts of the brain and nervous system rather than a single location, as originally assumed.
Comparisons between the two models include the fact that both theorists believe that intelligence relates to more than one human function. Spearman for example used a variety of different tasks to test intelligence, as does the IQ test he uses to base his assumptions on. Gardner agrees with Spearman on the fact that intelligence does indeed relate to different tasks, but simply adds more to the already existing ones in order to make the premise more complete, according to him.
In terms of psychology today, I feel that Gardner's view is more in line with psychology today. The first and most obvious reason for this...
Spearman developed his theory during 1904, while Gardner did his research during 1984 (RiCharde, 2007). Obviously much progress had been made during the decades in-between regarding brain and intelligence research. The second reason is the fact that psychological research has also found that human intelligence relates to more than just cognitive and physical functioning. The social environment and its influence on human psychology has seen vast increases in importance in the discipline, making Gardner's theory more viable.
Sources
Armstrong, Thomas (1998-2002). Multiple Intelligences. http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm
Paik, Han S. (1998). One Intelligence or Many? Alternative Approaches to Cognitive Abilities. Washington University. http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/paik.html
RiCharde, Stephen. (2007). The Learning Thinking Styles Inventory. VMI. http://admin.vmi.edu/ir/ltsi.htm#Overview
Sources
Armstrong, Thomas (1998-2002). Multiple Intelligences. http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm
Paik, Han S. (1998). One Intelligence or Many? Alternative Approaches to Cognitive Abilities. Washington University. http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/paik.html
RiCharde, Stephen. (2007). The Learning Thinking Styles Inventory. VMI. http://admin.vmi.edu/ir/ltsi.htm#Overview
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