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¶ … Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling and Impacts by Easterling et al. (2000) has the central thesis that modeling shows extreme weather events will increase for future weather events. The authors predict "increases in extreme high temperatures, decreases in extreme low temperatures and increases in intense precipitation events."
The argument for the thesis is that multiple studies have been conducted, noting a number of different changes to the climate. Models have been created, and these models show further changes in the future. Other studies conducted have noted changes to wild plants, animals and other biological changes as the result of these changes in weather patterns. Human society will also be changed. The data comes from other studies, as this is something of a meta-analysis of the issue of climate change. The authors note observed temperature changes and trends, and an increase in extreme precipitation...
The authors also looked at studies showing an increase in droughts, no change in Atlantic hurricanes and but an increase in Pacific typhoons. The authors also note that most climate models have outputs consistent with what can intuitively be inferred about climate events going forward, based on the current trends. The authors take this aggregated information and then discuss some of the impacts it will have, including societal impacts and impacts on natural systems.
This article is not a study in itself, but an aggregation of information from dozens of other studies. The authors are seeking to put climate change in context both for humans and for natural systems, by explaining the preponderance of data that supports not only climate change, but the result of modeling about the future effects of climate change as well. I do not have any questions about this article in particular, other than to note that it is from 2000, which leads to the question of why nothing has been done, and whether these findings continue to hold true today (my suspicion is that they will).
The second article is Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula, by…
References
Easterling, D., Meehl, G., Parmesan, C., Changnon, S., Karl, T. & Mearns, L. (2000). Climate extremes: Observations, modeling and impacts. Science. Vol. 289 (5487) 2068-2074
Vaughan, D., Marshall, G., Connolley, W., Parkinson, C., Mulvaney, R., Hodgson, D., King, J., Pudsey, C. & Turner, J. (2003). Recent rapid regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. Climatic Change. Vol. 60 (3) 243-274.
Geomorphologic evidence of glacier fluctuations in Iceland during the Late Holocene is abundant. Furthermore, Iceland has a unique documentary record of ice-front positions between the times of settlement, around AD 870, to the early 20th century. Many of Iceland's larger outlet glaciers have been systematically monitored since 1930. Consequently, a general description of glacier conditions exists for the past/1000 years, in addition to a detailed knowledge of ice-front fluctuations
He even goes so far as to claim that if global warming does occur, it will be a positive thing. Higher temperatures would be positive for agriculture and forests. He believes that higher temperatures will actually cause sea levels to drop, and wraps up his interview with the cheery optimism that everyone appreciates warmer weather. Wigley isn't quite as upbeat. He points out that because uncertainty is a built in
The Gold Coast area has a reputation as a flood prone area, even without considering the effects of global climate change. The Gold Coast area comprises seven major catchment areas including the Tallebudgera, Currumbin, Nerang River, Coomera River, Pimpama River, South Moreton Bay, Sandy Creek and Broadwater area (Mirfenderesk, 2009). The Nerang River catchment is adjacent to the Tallebudgers catchment to the South. It is bordered by the Broadwater and
Figure 3. Central England Temperature Note: Blue bars indicates changes in CET annual values during the period 1877 to 2006 relative to the average over the 1961-90 baseline period (about 9.5 "C). Error bars enclose the 95% confidence range and the red line highlights decadal variations. Source: UK Climate Projections 2011 at http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk / content/view/751/500/ As shown in Figure 3 above, the Central England temperature (CET) has increased by approximately one degree Celsius
Changes (Global, National, Region, Local, and Farm) Source: Smith (2006) In the work entitled: "Climate Change and Agriculture" a brochure prepared for the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food written by Muriel, Downing, and Hulme, et al. In Section 4: Impact of Climate Change on Crops report findings that: 1) Elevated temperature increased their rate of grain growth but shortened the duration of grain filling; 2) Higher temperatures may have decreased the availability of
In their study, "Thinking of Inclusion for All Special Needs Students: Better Think Again," Rasch and his colleagues (1994) report that, "The political argument in favor of inclusion is based on the assumption that the civil rights of students, as outlined in the 1954 decision handed down in Brown v. Board of Education, which struck down the concept of 'separate but equal,' can also be construed as applying to special