Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy Techniques

Behaviorism

Behaviorism focuses on how external factors in the environment influence behavior. Watson, Skinner, and Pavlov were all pioneers in behaviorism. Based on their work, various therapeutic approaches have evolved. Two of them are Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT) and Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT). BFT is a therapeutic approach that focuses on identifying and adjusting maladaptive behaviors within the family dynamic. Reinforcement and punishment and central concepts in BFT, as it is asserted that these are what shape people’s behavior. BFT techniques include behavior modification, role-playing, and the establishment of contingency contracts. These can be used, for example, if a family implements a reward system to support and reinforce a child's positive behaviors. The underlying assumption of BFT is that behaviors are learned; therefore, they can be unlearned or reconditioned through specific behavioral techniques.

CBFT has some similar principles to BFT, but its focus is not just on behaviors. It also looks at the thoughts and beliefs that affect and influence those behaviors. That is why it is called Cognitive Behavioral therapy. It tries to replace negative behaviors with positive ones by identifying triggers and directing the mind towards ways around it or ways to avoid triggers altogether. Techniques of CBFT include cognitive restructuring, which involves changing negative thought patterns, as well as problem-solving strategies and behavioral interventions like exposure therapy. The core tenet of CBFT is the idea that thoughts and behaviors and interconnected (Friedberg, 2006).

Both BFT and CBFT come from the field of behaviorism but they differ in several ways. First, BFT is behavior-centric, and focuses on the modification of behaviors through techniques of reinforcement and punishment. CBFT, on the other hand, addresses behaviors and thought patterns, and tries to get people in the family to adapt so that they avoid triggers or respond positively to negative thoughts and actions. The techniques used in CBFT are a blend of cognitive and behavioral strategies. Essentially, BFT is based on the principle that learned behaviors can be modified. CBFT focuses on controlling or directing one’s thoughts and behavioral patterns so that negative thoughts/patterns are avoided or countered with positive ones.