Global Business Cultural Analysis: Russia

Global Business Cultural Analysis - Russia

abn amro, (2007). Russia, a promising and exciting business environment. ABN AMRO.

The research and economics department of ABN AMRO has conducted an overall research of the Russian economy. The report presented the economic factors in Russia. ABN AMRO economic department also analyzed the Russian business sectors in detail. Sectors that were evaluated and discussed in detail were Minerals and mining industry, oil and gas industry and food sector of the Russian business. The growth and development of Russian economy and business over the period of 1996 to 2008 has been compared in this report to comment on the growth of the country and its businesses over the period of time. This report has also presented a detailed overview on the country's business attractions. The report highlights the potential areas and business sectors that are lucrative for the investors. This report helps a great deal in preparing the SWOT and FDI analysis of the country. The report also helped in highlighting the areas of interest to the foreign investors.

Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J., & Thakadipuram, T. (2012). Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(4), 415-428.

This research paper prepared by representatives of various universities and institutes (including students from University of Minnesota, University of St. Thomas, Kenexa Research Institute, University of Sao Paulo, University of North Texas and St. Claret College) around the globe compares the differences between business ethics as practiced in various countries. The study was conducted in the BRIC economies (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) and the U.S. The study was based on responses gathered from a sample of approximately (more than) fifteen thousand employees from the five countries. The study showed that ratings / replies from Brazil and U.S. were quite similar to each other and differed from the other three countries. This study helped in identifying the business ethics and ethical aspect of the national culture of Russia and U.S.. It also helped a great deal in identifying the differences between the business and national culture of the two countries.

Balykina, G. (2013). Cultural Dimensions and Modern Russian Business. Available At SSRN 2342954.

This paper is a detailed explanation of the Hofstede's dimensions of culture. Balykina has taken Hofstede's cultural dimensions of Power Distance, Collectivism / Individualism, Masculinity / Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance and Long-term / Short-Term Orientation and explained them in detail. After analyzing the concepts given by Hofstede the researcher has then considered the research conducted by Hofstede in this regard. The writer has also taken the scores of the most recent Analysis of Russian culture on the basis of Hofstede's cultural dimensions and analyzed the Russian business culture on that basis. This paper is a comprehensive detailed paper on the Hofstede's dimensions of culture and Russian national and business culture as determined by these dimensions. The paper was used throughout this study as it greatly helped in establishing the study structure as well as in determining the link between national cultural dimensions and the business / organizational culture of the enterprises operating in that nation / society.

Beekun, R., Stedham, Y., Yamamura, J., & Barghouti, J. (2003). Comparing business ethics in Russia and the U.S. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(8), 1333-1349.

The paper is based on a comparative study and research conducted by a group of researchers. The paper aims at identifying the differences in the business ethics practiced in U.S. And Russia. This paper gives the brief overview of the business culture prevalent in the U.S. And Russia. The paper is based on the responses obtained from participants (being business managers) from both the countries. The total number of participants for the purpose of this study were one hundred and sixty five. Out of then sixty three people were from Russia and ninety three from U.S.. The paper pointed out the most obvious differences between the ethical principles practiced by the businesses in both the nations. Where the U.S. business associates are quite particular and strict about their ethical principles and morals, the Russian business associates do not give much consideration to them. The paper also proves the point that power distanced and developing nations like Russia do have less consideration for ethics and morals.

Belaya, V., Gagalyuk, T., & Hanf, J. (2012). Influence of Foreign Direct Investments on Supply Chain Management: Insights from Russian and Ukrainian Agri-Food Business. Management & Marketing, 7(2).

This paper was written by researchers from Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas (Germany), Association Ukrainian Agribusiness Club (Ukraine) and University of Applied Sciences RheinMain (Germany). The paper presents the attractiveness of Russian and Ukrainian Food industries for the foreign investors. The paper highlights the growth in the food industry of both the countries over the period of time. The paper also discusses the requirements and basics that the foreign companies should know and understand before entering into any market. The paper focuses that the foreign countries should among other things learn the supply chain management techniques before entering these nations for business. The paper helps in understanding the concept of FDI, the current status of FDI in Russia and the future attractions. Moreover, the paper also presents the areas to concentrate and target before entering any foreign market (Russia). The paper also emphasizes on the need of FDI for the growth and development of any country.

Deutsche Bank -- DB Research, (2012). What Drives FDI to Russian Regions? Deutsche Bank -- DB Research.

The research department of Deutsche Bank -- DB Research has conducted an overall research of the Russian economy. This report gives an analysis on the Russian market and how it is emerging over the period of time. The trends of FDI flow to Russia is discussed and analyzed in this report on the basis of the regions. The investment risk and payback on FDI is also discussed in this report. The FDI ratings and other ratings and their usefulness in making the Russian market attractive for FDI is also evaluated in this report. This report has also presented a detailed overview on the country's business attractions. The report highlights the potential areas and business sectors that are lucrative for the investors. This report helps a great deal in preparing the SWOT and FDI analysis of the country. The report also helped in highlighting the areas of interest to the foreign investors.

Diversicare. (2006). Russian Culture Profile. Queensland: Diversicare.

This is an extensive report published by Diversicare Australia. The report presents well detailed and comprehensive analysis of the Russian national culture. All the aspects of cultures are discussed and analyzed in detail. The report lays done the personal and family culture of the Russian nation. It also presents the customs, traditions and norms followed by them. The report also presents in detail the components of business culture in detail. The paper also presents the hobbies and leisure time activities of the Russian nation. The report is based on the Russian nationals based in Australia and helps in identifying the similarities between the Russians throughout the world. The report greatly helped in enumerating the components of Russian culture and understanding the link between national and business culture of a country.

Ernst & Young, (2013). Russia 2013 Shaping Russia's future. Moscow: Ernst & Young.

Ernst and Young being one of the top most business consultants have prepared a detailed report and analyzed the economic situation of the Country. This report is based on a detailed survey and analysis conducted by Ernst & Young on the future business aspects and growth perspectives of the Russian economy. Ernst and Young is famous for its business surveys and these are greatly valued by their clients. The report contains Russian economic data and future outlook. The report also includes a detailed analysis on the FDI flowing in Russia and its impact on the growth and development of Russian business. Moreover, based on the analysis the report highlights the avenues and areas for growth and development and action points / measures that need to be taken in this regard. The report was used in conducting the SWOT and FDI analysis of Russian economy on the whole.

Fey, C., & Denison, D. (2003). Organizational culture and effectiveness: can American theory be applied in Russia? Organization Science, 14(6), 686-706.

This research paper being the working paper number 598 of William Davidson Institute analyses and explains the links between the business culture and effectiveness of foreign companies operating in Russia. Thus, the paper explores how the Russian business culture affects the success of foreign companies and in turn affect the FDI. The paper concludes that flexibility in culture is more essential for Russian culture than for U.S. culture. The paper is based on the survey conducted from 179 foreign companies operated in Russia. The report also highlighted the basic difference in U.S. And Russian business environment. Where U.S. environment is table Russian environment is turbulent. The research also concluded that U.S. business theory and models can easily be applied in Russian business context. This paper helped in identifying the differences and similarities between the two nations and their cultures. The paper also presented the fact that theories and studies hold true for all the business environments.

Gratchev, M., Rogovsky, N., & Rakitski, B. (2007). Leadership and culture in Russia: The case of transitional economy. Culture and Leadership across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies, 25, 803-831.

This paper gives a detailed analysis on the Russian economy and how it has progressed from the decline by the break of Soviet block and failure of the super power. The paper identifies Russia as a changing economy which is moving towards development at a fast pace. The paper also give brief details about the statistical data of the country. The paper explains that although economic crisis and decline has greatly affected the country but there is full potential in the country to grow and develop as an economy.The paper also explains the fact that due to FDI and foreign companies operating the Russian culture is moving towards openness and adaptability. The paper has helped in laying down the foundations of culture in Russia, business environment and role of FDI / foreign companies in forming and improving the business culture there. Moreover, the paper also hints that business cultures can easily be changed but for that big organizations need to be the flag bearers.

Guzak, J. (2014). Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture. Lecture, Meinders School of Business.

This is a lecture and notes paper used by the professor of Meinders School of Business to develop an understanding of the culture and its dimensions. The lecture notes give in details the dimensions of culture as highlighted by Hofstede. All of the five dimensions of culture are discussed in detailed. The paper also includes the score of the dimensions for more than 50 (fifty) countries including Russia. This article gives a detailed account of the Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The determinants of the dimensions are also discussed in the paper. These help in reasoning out the scores obtained by the countries. This paper also contains an in-depth analysis of the features and qualities of all types of cultures. All the dimensions and the resultant cultures have a set of aspects that are discussed and explained in the paper. This paper is an excellent source to help in identifying and determining the culture of any nation on the basis of Hofstede's cultural dimensions.

Hanouz, M., & Prazdnichnykh, A. (2011). The Russia Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum.

This is another excellent and detailed report on the economic aspects, economic development and determinants of Russian economy. The report published by World Economic forum analyses the Russian economy, business, industries and markets. It explains major business areas of the Russian businesses and their growth over the period of time. The pros and cons of all the business sectors and their development with the passage of time is also identified in the report. The employment trends and environment in the country are also discussed and compared in this report.

Hooker, J. (2008). Cultural Differences in Business Communication. Tepper School of Business. Carnegie Mellon University.

This paper is based on all the aspects of business communication. The paper pours light over the culture and its impact on business culture and ultimately on business communication. The essentials of business communication and its impact on businesses is discussed in this paper. Moreover, the requirement of effective communication in a cross cultural and multi-cultural business setup is highlighted and explained. The paper plays an important role in determining the dos and donts that U.S. companies and managers should consider before establishing a business enterprise in Russia.

Kuznetsov, A., & Kuznetsova, O. (2005). Business Culture in Modern Russia: Deterrents and Influences. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 2(2005), 25-31.

This paper as published in the problems and perspectives of management explains the modern business culture of Russia and its components. The researchers have identified three major factors that influence / effect the culture in modern Russia and other countries. The paper also presents an argument on the fact that the transition into new patterns of business culture and environment is required generally by the overall market and economy. It also highlights that this change / transition is going to be very slow. Thus the national and international culture and variance between the two is going to be a big challenge for the Russian business and industry.

Kuznetsov, A. (2012). Inward FDI in Russia and its policy context, 2012. Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment.

This paper explains and corroborates the attractiveness of Russian economy for foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper points out that Russia has a large market and is a country rich in natural resources, thus it is very attractive for the foreign investors. The paper highlights the fact that Russian Government is not able to make the drastic changes in the country's business environment that are required to welcome FDI as per the country's potential. The paper explains that oil and gas, power generation, wholesale, retail and motor vehicles industries of Russia have attracted a great deal of FDI. The paper also elaborates the level of FDI that Russia got in years 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The trends of FDI in those years and the reason for movement is also discussed in detail in the paper. This paper also points out the areas for improvement in culture and other aspects that would yield sufficient FDI to the Russian economy and help them grow.

Lee, S., & Peterson, S. (2001). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 401-416.

This paper as published in the Journal of World Business presents a detailed model of entrepreneurship and leadership based on the culture. The paper has been formulated using the Lumpkin and Dess's conceptualization of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). This paper explains in detail the need for producing dynamic entrepreneurs who are creative and bold enough to form and lead enterprises that change the direction of economy. The paper presents the idea that each nation / society has capability to produce such entrepreneurs. But the tendency of nation to do so depends greatly upon the culture of that society. Moreover, the political, legal, social, technological and other factors also determine whether the societies tend to produce such businessmen or not. The paper concludes that such entrepreneurs and leaders are only produced by countries having specific cultural requirement and supportive environment. This paper helps in creating the link between a country's culture and its ability to produce aggressive and risk taking businessmen who set thriving businesses and help in the economic development of the country.

May, R., Puffer, S., & McCarthy, D. (2005). Transferring management knowledge to Russia: A culturally based approach. The Academy Of Management Executive, 19(2), 24-35.

This paper considers and explains the situation Russian businesses in 1990s when the business managers were not prepared to manage the companies in the time of economic crisis and decline. The paper presents the issues faced by business managers and chaos they went through. The paper also discusses the transition period of Russian economy and how businesses failed and survived in that time. The article focuses on the Western business concepts and values and how these were and can be used to further add value to the Russian business environment. Russian managers need to identify where western business culture and theories can be adapted and how this can be done in Russian business environment. This paper helps in adapting the Western theories as well as remaining within the bounds of Russian national culture. The paper also explains that in order to achieve this feat capabilities and competencies of both the trainers and trainees is required.

Mccarthy, D., & Puffer, S. (2008). Interpreting the ethicality of corporate governance decisions in Russia: Utilizing integrative social contracts theory to evaluate the relevance of agency theory norms. Academy Of Management Review, 33(1), 11-31.

This paper based on the research carried out by a group of researchers presents the case of Russian business ethics. The researchers have presented their argument in the paper that the ethics and corporate governance practices prevalent in Russian businesses cannot be determined by using the agency theory. In doing so and presenting their case the researchers have discussed the Russian culture (specially the culture relating to business ethics) in detail. The researchers also presented the fact that there are two major sets of values prevalent in the Russian business environment; the traditional Russian values and the market-oriented values. Paper also contains examples of conflicts arising between those values in a professional environment and the implications of these values on Western managers working for / with Russian companies. The paper puts down a lot of aspects of Russian culture and also identifies the implication of certain aspects of the U.S.-Russian work relationships. This is an explanatory article that helps identify a lot of things regarding culture and its impact on businesses.

Michailova, S. (n.d.). Planning Change in Russian Companies with Foreign Participation: Problems and Challenges Faced by Western Expatriates (1st ed.). Denmark: Center for East European Studies, Copenhagen Business School. Retrieved from http://openarchive.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10398/7065/wp26.pdf?sequence=1

This research paper is based on planning and identifying the process of change in businesses having a cross cultural setup (that is foreign establishments). The data for this research has been obtained from five multinational / foreign controlled companies operating in Russia. This study understands the conflicts and problems faced by Western managers in the local setup. The paper also evaluates the difficulties that arise between the foreign and local managers and employees while planning or conducting a change in culture. The paper lists down the guidelines for foreign managers in order to plan and bring change in Russian companies.

Ralston, D., Holt, D., Terpstra, R., & Kai-Cheng, Y. (2008). The impact of national culture and economic ideology on managerial work values: A study of the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(1), 8-26.