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Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Test Title: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)
Publisher and Date: 1965 by W.W. Norton, New York and Princeton University Press.
Description and Purpose: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was developed by sociologist Dr. Morris Rosenberg and is a self-esteem model and test used in social science research. The RSES is the most popular measure of global self-esteem and is the standard with which developers of other measures seek validation.
Professionals Qualified to Administer and Evaluate -- The test is available with keys for self-evaluation, although professionals caution against too broad of interpretation. The suggestion is that the interpretation of the results be done by a professional with at least a strong background in psychology and psychiatry, perhaps sociology. No actual credentials are required for the test.
Test Forms Available: After Dr. Rosenberg's death, his estate allowed the use of the model for educational and academic use. It is available on the Internet, and may be taken online, or downloaded, printed and then scored using Dr. Rosenberg's scoring.
Normative Standardization Data -- The test has been in use for almost 50 years as a basic indicator of self-esteem. Results of research using the test find that it does correlate with other measures that are more detailed in looking at specific delineators (sexual and emotional abuse, families' issues, substances, etc.). Because of its basic set of questions, it cannot be expected to be a clear indicator of all issues surrounding personal self-esteem, but as a basic goal and guidance instrument, the normative...
The Scores range from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating higher self-esteem (EMCDD).
Test Administration Procedure -- The test is a 10-item self-report measure of global self-esteem. It consists of 10 statements that are related to one's overall feeling of self-acceptance or self-worth. The items are completed on a four-point scale that ranges from strongly agree to strongly disagree. In some cases, particularly when it is used in a hiring or business organizational mode, the test is administrated as an interview (EMCDD).Figure 1 - Example of Instrment
Examinee Responding Mode: Responses are either oral (interview) or filled in based on a 4 point scale.
Type of Test Items -- Short sentences that as for a response see Figure 1:
Theory on which the test is based -- Rosenberg's definition of self-esteem is centered on the favorable or unfavorable attitude toward oneself. The test is one-dimensional, and contains only 10 Likert-Type items. Much of Rosenberg's work examined how social structures like racial and ethnic status, or even institutional contexts (schools, the workplace, government, home, etc.) related to self-esteem. He believed that patterned social forces actually provide a set of characteristic experiences that are actively inte3rpreted by individuals…
Bibliography
Bagley, C., et al. (2007). Norms and Construct Validity of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 31(1), 82-92. Retrieved December 2013, from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ553572.pdf
Creswell, J. (2013). Research Design (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
EMCDDA. (2008, July). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES). Retrieved from emcdda.europa.eu: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index3676EN.html
Guindon, M. (Ed.). (2011). Self-Esteem Across the Lifespan. New York: Routledge.
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