While the functionalist theory and the conflict theory aren't so different in theory, Durkheim's functionalist theory at least offers a bit more hope for students and it doesn't assume that education is meant to keep people in their place. However, preparing students for life is rather elusive as we can see especially today where the quality of education differs so dramatically from state-to-state and even from zip code to zip code.
The interactionist theorists examine how the educator's expectations influence the students' functioning, attitudes and impressions. Rosenthal and Jackson's groundbreaking study for the interactionist theory approach occurred in 1968 when the researchers studied a group of students of average IQ. The researchers then pointed out a handful of students whom they said would excel dramatically over the course of the coming year. The teachers were told who the students were and the teachers were asked to monitor the students'
At the end of the year, the students that were selected as excelling students did, indeed, have higher IQs. What this showed the researchers was that because the students were randomly selected, there was significance in the fact that because the teachers believed the students would excel, the students did excel. This is called a self-fulfilling prophesy (Rosenthal & Jackson 2003: 154). Weber was one of the first to posit that high expectations combined with strong leadership, an organized environment, and emphasis on reading were present in higher-achieving and successful urban schools (Dignan 2006; 20).
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