Classroom Environment Essays (Examples)

Introduction
Every classroom has its own distinctive dynamics that are determined by the individual classroom members. This paper is a report on observations made on classroom dynamics. The observation was part of my practicum; it was done in an elementary classroom that has pupils from various backgrounds in terms of race, ethnicity, social class, gender, and culture.
Classroom environment
The environment of the observed classroom was well arranged; with clear sitting arrangements known to each of the pupils. This arrangement was used during learning sessions. On the walls, there were charts for the various subjects, among them mathematics and science. The pupils sat facing the direction of the chalkboard. The class timetable included lessons and playtime. Play could either be in the classroom or outdoor for physically oriented activities. Plays done in the classroom included functional play, manipulative games, constructive play, dramatic play, manipulative games (Sungur & Güngören, 2009). The…

References
Lin, M., Lake, V. E., & Rice, D. (2008). Teaching anti-bias curriculum in teacher education programs: What and how. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(2), 187-200.
Sungur, S., & Güngören, S. (2009). The role of classroom environment perceptions in self-regulated learning and science achievement. Elementary Education Online, 8(3), 883-900.
VanHoorn, J., Nourot, P. M., Scales, B., & Alward, K. R. (2014). Play at the center of the curriculum. Pearson Higher Ed.

Classrooms for Army Noncommissioned Officer Academy Students

Educational Environment for Amy Noncommissioned Officer Academy Students

Education is important in any environment. The same goes for military training. Noncommissioned Officer Academy Students must experience a well balanced blend between military field training and academic proficiency in order to succeed in their military careers and in life outside of the Army as well. The learning environment in such contexts holds true to the strict regulations of the military, but allows for students to benefit from low student to teacher ratios with highly trained education staff and enjoy participation with their classmates that augments their education and training.

Classrooms in NCO contexts are still a military environment. As such, they do still carry with the very strict and rigid military themes and tones. All students are expected to carry with them their military discipline within the context of the classroom. Thus, the maintenance,…

Classroom Arrangement and Early Childhood Autism
The arrangement of the classroom environment could effectively meet the individual needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as the room is neatly divided, which helps ASD children delineate borders and boundaries, and bright colors are used to help convey important information—like the class schedule, vocabulary words on the board to learn, and so on. There is also plenty of space for peer interaction, which Bene, Banda and Brown (2014) note is helpful for peer-mediated instruction, as it allows students to discuss with one another and communicate more freely without obstacles getting the way.
There are also several lamps in one area to help give light and make the room brighter. The lamps are helpful for reading and give a warm, lively atmosphere to the classroom. They are like living room lamps so have the added benefit of being inviting and welcoming. As…

Classroom Observation and Commentary
How the Teacher Promotes a Positive Classroom Environment for Reading Instruction
The teacher promoted a positive classroom environment for reader instruction first by greeting the class warmly and announcing the activity that the class was going to do in a warm and enthusiastic tone. The teacher then used cue cards with large print words in different colors to go over the various vocabulary terms that the class was going to read in their reading material for the day. The teacher sounded out the first few words and then invited the class to sound them out with her. Thus the teaching approach was varied and oriented towards appealing to diverse learning styles (Souto-Manning & Martell, 2016). Then she asked if anyone could spell the word. If a student raised a hand but had difficulty spelling or reading the word, the teacher encouraged the student by asking helpful…

Introduction

It is easy to assume that a comprehensive decision making theory gives a reliable basis for an observation scheme for a classroom. However, it is apparent that even though the practical and theoretical ventures overlap in many respects the core of the theoretical tenets are fundamentally variant. They are broader in some respects and narrow in others. The deterrents of real time implementation are significant and thus the scheme of analysis is fundamentally different from the theory frames that led to (Schoenfeld, 2013.

At the onset, I believed that teaching was about spending 8 hours teaching and having a great time with children. Indeed, teaching seemed the easiest career choice for me. However, having interacted with many a student from across the age spectrum and educational levels, there is a side of the world that can only be viewed from the inside of a class. I changed my mind…

Classroom Teacher

The Classroom of the Future -- Civics Education in the Future as a Living Lesson of Civics Democracy in the Classroom

Teaching Democracy in John Goodlad's Democratic Classroom

Civics is one of the most complex subjects to teach children, particularly children in junior high school, between the grades of 6th through 8th. During these ages, children are only beginning to gain a sense of centeredness in terms of their place in the world, their sense of personal morality, and also their sense of responsibility to the larger community. Merrill Harmin's text Inspiring Active Learning Strategies of Instruction provides an acronym for the five core aspects of any educational program -- DESCA means "Dignity, Energy, Self-Managing, Community, Awareness." Civics instruction must foster these elements in a student so that he or she becomes an effective learner, an effective participant in the larger community, as well as foster these principles…

Works Cited

Bitter, Gary. Using Technology in the Classroom. Fifth Edition. Pearson Allyn & Bacon, 2001.

Brophy, Jere, Motivating Students to Learn. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 1997.

Gootman, Marilyn E. The Caring Teacher's Guide to Discipline, Second Edition. Corwin Press, 2000.

Goodlad, John I. In Praise of Education. (John Dewey Lecture Series) Teachers College Press, 1997.

Another lesson to be learned is the importance of reflective thinking, in which teachers and students reflect on their actions (Griffin, 2003). eflective thinking is particularly important as it ensures that people learn from their behavior, and it endows them with heightened self-awareness. For example, through reflective thinking the teachers in each of the critical incidents would understand the importance of using positive reinforcement, which has been shown to alleviate many disciplinary issues (Tulley and Chu, 1995).

Another lesson is that in addition to open communication, there must be collaborative interaction between students and teachers whereby they engage in a continuous and mutually supportive dialogue (Neale et al., 2000). Collaborative interaction resembles open communication, but is grounded in action rather than just dialogue. Implementing collaborative action would ensure that the needs of the intellectually curious students (the student in the United States history class and the one in the 8th…

References

Griffin, M.L. (2003). Using critical incidents to promote and assess reflective thinking in preservice teachers. Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 4(2), 207-220.

Neale, D.C., et al. (2000). Collaborative critical incident development. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Annual Meeting, 44(37), 598-601.

Tulley, M., & Chu, L.H. (1995). Student teachers and classroom discipline. The Journal of Education Research, 88(3), 164-171.

Watts, M., et al. (1997). Prompting teachers' constructive reflection: Pupils' questions as critical incidents. International Journal of Science Education, 19(9), 1025-1037.

ullying

The incidents of April 20, 1999 from Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado put bullying into a new perspective. Two students, Dylan Klebold and Ryan Harris, who were, for all intents, intelligent and well adjusted went on a killing spree. They killed and injured several members of the school including a teacher. (Rosenberg, 2000) Then they turned the guns on themselves. Their plans were grandiose. After the massacre, they intended to flee the country. Once the furor had died down, new information showed that the two students were generally reticent, withdrawn and subjected to bullying by their peers, especially the physically stronger students. Klebold and Harris were emotionally and physically abused. Isolated, they developed a hatred for their fellow students. This manifested in initial thoughts of suicide and then murder. Stories abound about bullying turned to tragedy abound. The Columbine incident was the biggest and got the most coverage.…

Bibliography

Berman, H., et al. "Sexual Harassment: The Unacknowledged Face of Violence in the Lives of Girls." The Best Interests of the Girl Child. Eds. H. Berman and Y. Jiwani. London, ON: The Alliance of Five Research Centres on Violence., 2002. 15-44.

Bleuel, Hans Peter. Sex and Society in Nazi Germany. Philadelphia,: Lippincott, 1973.

Congress. An Act Concerning Bullying Behavior in Schools and Concerning the Pledge of Allegiance. Washington, D.C: House of Congress, 2002.

Fried, S., and P. Fried. Bullies and Victims: Helping Your Child through the Schoolyard Battlefield. New York, NY: M. Evans & Co., Inc., 1996.

Classrooms are diverse environments, characterized by students from varying backgrounds, and with varying needs and skill levels. It is from this diversity and the recognition of how it contributes to the richness of a learning environment that the concept of differentiated instruction arises. Through differentiated education, students representing diversity have the opportunity to learn in environments that promote inclusion, unity, and understanding. An investigation into the effects of differentiated instructional curriculum for a fifth-grade science class demonstrated that both teachers and students reported a significantly higher degree of satisfaction with methods and materials used in differentiated instruction as opposed to typical instruction (McCrea et al., 2009). Similar results were found in a study that investigated the effectiveness of differentiated instruction in the realm of physical education curriculum (Kriakides & Tsangaridou, 2008).

Developing and putting into practice differentiated instruction curricula involves shifts in planning, execution, and assessments that require flexibility and…

References

Hall, T., Strangman, N., Meyer, A. (2011). Differentiated instruction and implications for UDL implementation: effective classroom practices report. National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum, retrieved 19 October, 2011 from  http://aim.cast.org/learn/historyarchive/backgroundpapers/differentiated_instruction_udl .

Holloway, J.H. (2000). Preparing teachers for differentiated instruction, Educational Leadership, September, 82-3.

Kyriakides, L. & Tsangaridou, N. (2008). Towards the development of generic and differentiated models of educational effectiveness: a study on school and teacher effectiveness in physical education. British Educational Research Journal, 34(6), 807-38.

Lawrence-Brown, D. (2004). Differentiated instruction: inclusive strategies for standards-based learning that benefit the whole class. American Secondary Education, 32(3), 34-64.

Classrooms That ork

The paragraphs below respond to the text and look at alternative ways to demonstrate reading comprehension to students. These paragraphs will offer new ways to look at ways to enhance students' reading experience.

Reading comprehension is an important part of developmental learning for young students. It helps build confidence and an eagerness to acquire knowledge. Reading is important because it expands the mind and promotes creativity. Promotion of comprehension furthers the learning experience because by understanding one concept, a student can understand others more easily. This is not just about retention of subject matter or a student moving onto the next level. For teachers, it is acquiring the tools to know how to access the strengths and weaknesses for each student to cater an individual strategy. A teacher needs to have the skills to know that each student works at their own pace regardless of making the…

Works Cited

Cunningham, P.M., & Allington, R.L. (2002). Classroom's that work: They can all read and write (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson Allyn and Bacon.

Environment Science education and its effect on Students' Improvement

Does the current curriculum actually improve the student's decision making regarding environmental issues?

Sample Size and Sampling Method

Time Frame for the Study

Scope and Limitations

Budgetary Plan

Current Environmental Science Curriculum

Is the current curriculum design actually improves the decision making regarding environmental issues?

For years it has been a tough job to implement the appropriate environmental education in the colleges. esearch in the field has pointed out several challenges in the creation of effective environmental curricula. esearchers also examined different strategies being used for the promotion of student awareness as well as fostering them to engage in the ever changing circumstances. The empirical research studies have made it clear that just acquiring the information on the environment science and ecology is not enough to motivate students to practically participate in environment protection. For the motivation there is a need…

References

Balgopal, M., & Wallace, A. (2009). Decisions and dilemmas: Using writing to learn activities to increase ecological literacy. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(13), 13 -- 22.

Balgopal, M., & Wallace, A. (2009). Decisions and dilemmas: Using writing to learn activities to increase ecological literacy. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(13), 13 -- 22.

Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Biriukova, N. (2005).The formation of an ecological consciousness. Russian Education and Society, 47(12), 34 -- 45.

This is an approach that is not current nor balanced. By echoing the importance of race and its ability to transcend the individual, soon all students will be able to belong to a single race of beings, the human race.

Conclusions

The literature extant on the ideas of culture and its impact on teachers ability to communicate successfully in the classroom has wide appeal to my specific research question. The aforementioned research will successfully contribute to my larger arguments about the situation while providing precedent and argument useful in presenting a compelling and rhetorically sound hypothesis.

eferences

Banks, J.A. (2001). Cultural diversity and education. Foundations, Curiculum and Teaching (4th ed.). London: Allyn. etrieved from http://pcsocialstudiesmethods.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/68301852/Banks%20article.pdf

Bireda, S., & Chait, . (2011). Increasing Teacher Diversity: Strategies to Improve the Teacher Workforce. Center for American Progress. etrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED535654.pdf

Gao, W., & Mager, G. (2011). Enhancing Preservice Teachers' Sense of Efficacy and…

References

Banks, J.A. (2001). Cultural diversity and education. Foundations, Curiculum and Teaching (4th ed.). London: Allyn. Retrieved from http://pcsocialstudiesmethods.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/68301852/Banks%20article.pdf

Bireda, S., & Chait, R. (2011). Increasing Teacher Diversity: Strategies to Improve the Teacher Workforce. Center for American Progress. Retrieved from  http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED535654.pdf 

Gao, W., & Mager, G. (2011). Enhancing Preservice Teachers' Sense of Efficacy and Attitudes toward School Diversity through Preparation: A Case of One U.S. Inclusive Teacher Education Program. International Journal of Special Education, 26(2), 92-107. Retrieved from  http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ937178.pdf 

Larke, P. (1990). Cultural diversity awareness inventory: Assessing the sensitivity of preservice teachers. Action in Teacher Education. Vol. 12 (3) 23-30.

Classroom Management

Class room management holds extreme importance in the process of teaching. It is mandatory for a teacher to manage her class effectively in order to achieve her predetermined instructional goals. 'Successful classroom management involves much more than rules and discipline. Indeed research into classroom management demonstrates that effective teachers are proactive about student behavior, and they involve students in the process of establishing and maintaining rules and routines'. (Strong, 2007)

An effective instructional is dependent on various factors, and a properly managed classroom is definitely one of those factors. There is no way that a teacher can achieve her desire objective, if the process of teaching is taking place in a poorly managed classroom. A properly managed classroom along with attractive materials can definitely attract the attention of students and involve them in the process of learning. Management of classroom is also important to avoid any unnecessary wastage…

References

Evertson, C.M, & Weinstein, C.S. (2006). Handbook of Classroom Management: Research, Practice, and Contemporary Issues. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. (p.51)

Mcleod, J, Fisher, J, & Hoover, G. (2003). The Key Elements of Classroom Management: Managing Time and Space, Student. Alexandria, USA: ASCD Publication.(p. 75)

Stronge, J.H. (2007). Qualities of Effective Teachers. Alexandria, USA: ASCD Publication. (p.40)

Positive Classroom Environment

One of the most important jobs facing a teacher is the job of creating a classroom with a positive climate. It can be a challenging task, but children learn best when they feel safe and secure in their school environment (rownell & Walther-Thomas, 2001).

Experts recommend a variety of approaches. One of the things that affects a classroom negatively is punishment for infractions of behavior. Teachers often have an arsenal of options for punishment including time out, removing privileges, or suspension (rownell & Walther-Thomas, 2001). However, although punishment reacts to behavior problems, by itself it cannot teach the student a better way to act. ecause of this, educational experts recommend taking steps to prevent behavior problems so they don't have to be dealt with (rownell & Walther-Thomas, 2001).

Suggestions for behavior management include taking a wider view of discipline than simply a rule of rules and consequences.…

Berkley, Leonard G.; Keyes, Barbara J., and Longhurst, James E. 2001. "Bully-Proofing: What One District Learned about Improving School Climate. Reclaiming Children and Youth: 9.

Brownell, Mary T., and Walther-Thomas, Mary T. 2001. "Stephen W. Smith: Strategies for Building a Positive Classroom Environment by Preventing Behavior Problems. Intervention in School & Clinic: 37.

Pastor, Peggy. 2002. Classroom Practice: School Discipline and the Character of Our Schools. Phi Delta Kappan: 83.

Shifting Classroom Learning to Online Learning: A Case Study to Transition From the Traditional Classroom-Based Program to Online CBT Format

The objective of this study is to examine the transition from the Traditional classroom-based program to Computer-Based Training. There are reported to be a great number of colleges and universities that are presently transitioning to Computer-Based Training and fully transitioning to "online, blended or web-facilitated courses." (Keengwe & Kidd, 2010) The number of online programs and classes available have grown exponentially during the course of the last ten years. Other terms used to refer to Computer-Based Instruction include those stated as follows: "…web-based training, e-learning, distributed learning, Internet-based learning, web-based instruction, cyber learning, virtual learning, or net-based learning. Online learning is a subset of distance education and embraces a wide set of technology applications and learning processes including, computer-based learning, web-based learning, virtual classrooms, and digital collaborations." (Keengwe & Kidd,…

References

Keengwe, J. And Kidd, TT ) (2010) Correspondence Study, CBI & OJT. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching Vo. 6, No. 2 June 2010. Retrieved from:  http://jolt.merlot.org/vol6no2/keengwe_0610.htm 

FAA Academy Distance Learning (2010) MY FAA Academy Distance Learing. Retrieved from:  https://www.academy.jccbi.gov/distancelearning  /

Classroom -- Deploying the Constructivist Philosophy in a Standards-Based Educational Environment

In today's standards-based educational environment, there is a strong amount of pressure upon both teachers and students to achieve certain set requirements at certain set times, rather than to engage in the process of learning for learning's sake in an experimental and student-directed fashion. Yet such a hands-on and independent process of learning is the key to the constructivist philosophy of education, whereby students are encouraged to learn how to learn through personal experimentation and the testing of student-created rather than teacher-directed hypothesis about the world. In constructivism, students are encouraged to ask questions and to test the answers they generate in response to those questions, rather than to merely ask the teacher if they are right or wrong.

Thus, the constructivist philosophy of education acts as a profound challenge to accepted hierarchies of the educational process, whereby the…

Works Cited

SCHIMATH-SEDL. (2004) "Building an Understanding of Constructivism."

Retrieved 11 Sept at  http://www.sedl.org/scimath/compass/v01n03 

SCHIMATH-SEDL. (2004) "Constructing Knowledge in the Classroom." Retrieved 11 Sept at

Technology Learning Environ

New technology has become an integral part of the learning environment, and not just an adjunct to it. This article demonstrates the limitations of using technology in the educational profession. First, technology depends on human input and guidance in order to be properly and relevantly developed. Second, technology must be fully integrated with the learning environment; it can't and shouldn't float on top of it. Rather, technology needs to be as mundane as books in order to be an effective media. Third, technology is not limited to the use of computers and their peripherals. Rather, technology gives rise to a multitude of varied media formats that can be used to stimulated enthusiastic learning and critical thinking.

The development of new technologies for the educational sector should ascribe to the ultimate philosophical goals of learning. Educational professionals and engineers should collaborate on the end-user needs, and the technologies…

Multicultural Classrooms

For some, the discussion of multiculturalism is a theoretical one, with little practical application to their day-to-day behavior. Even when people encounter others from different cultures, ethnocentric ideals may prevent them from really understanding how cultural backgrounds impact their interactions. For classroom teachers, however, multiculturalism is much more than a theoretical concept; it is the framework that helps establish how a teacher can create a classroom environment that is beneficial for all of the students in the classroom. However, establishing a multicultural classroom is not a simplistic process. In order to do so, an educator must consider many factors that relate to development in children. Educators must also think about the different family backgrounds of the students. Finally, teachers have to keep in mind that they may direct their classrooms, but they do not completely control them; the teacher has to play an active role in facilitating the…

References

Australia Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship. (2011). The People of Australia: Australia's Multicultural policy. Retrieved September 11, 2013 from Australian Government website: http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/pdf_doc/people-of-australia-multicultural-policy-booklet.pdf

Lo Bianco, J. (2010). Multicultural education in Australia: Evolution, compromise, and contest.

Retrieved September 11, 2013 from International Alliance of Leading Educational Institutes website:  http://www.intlalliance.org/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Conference_2010/NP-AU.pdf 

Swetnam, L. (2003). Lessons on multicultural education from Australia and the United States,

maintain a culturally relevant and anti-bias program in a classroom setting as well as the identification of some principles and strategies for working effectively with English as second language students and what type of support or training teachers might need to implement these principles and strategies. Finally, a description concerning some ways that teachers can control the classroom environment to enhance cultural relevant learning and specific examples of materials and activities that might be used is followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning strategies for developing anti-bias programming in the classroom in the conclusion.

Ways that a culturally relevant and anti-bias program can be established and maintained in a classroom setting

Humans are naturally biased creatures and the process begins early on. For instance, Barta and Winn (1996) report that, "Children begin to develop biases and prejudices long before they reach our classrooms. Research shows that…

A young girl from a multi-ethnic Hawaiian family join family members including aunts and grandmothers in the home's kitchen to make dumplings destined for the traditional dumpling soup that is being made for the family's traditional New Year's Eve celebration. This book discusses racial identities, family structure, and holidays.

Reiser, L. (1993). Margaret and Margarita. New York: Greenwillow Books.

This book describes how two young girls meet in a park and determine how to play despite the inability of the girls to speak each other's languages (Spanish and English). The book also describes the respective family structures of the two girls.

And my perfect classroom would have no more than 15 students at a time, so personal attention can be given to each individual several times each period.

Is it possible to achieve my dream classroom? It is possible to bring in the technologies I have referred to, albeit school districts are cutting back on teachers, courses, and equipment due to the economic slowdown. It is possible because there are foundations and other granting sources that do provide the resources to help education. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, for one, provide millions of dollars to education on a lot of levels. That is just one funding source, and there are others, but first the research must be done to locate existing philanthropists and foundation sources. Two links to funding sources: a) http://www.eschoolnews.com/funding/; and b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10892464.

ith some help writing a grant proposal, I believe it is possible to achieve the…

Works Cited

eSchool News (2012). School Funding. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from  http://www.eschoolnews.com/funding/ .

Howell, P.L., and Miller B.B. (1997). Sources of funding for schools. PubMed. Retrieved April

19, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/pubmed/10892464.

Instructional Strategy Into the Classroom

The instructional strategy selected for implementation in the classroom is job aids. There is a large body of research that suggests that job aids can be used to effectively improve understanding, cognition, retention and interpretation of material in the classroom (Dwyer & Spaulding, 2001). Simply defined, job aids are simple tutorials that often contain graphics used to illustrate the steps needed to accomplish a task or define a problem (Thiagi, 1999). They can come in many different forms including: checklists, decision tables, worksheets, flowcharts, diagrams or any other items that help improve student performance with regard to individual tasks, without requiring memorization of the specific steps or factual information related to the task (Thiagi, 1999).

A good example of a potential 'job aid' is a yellow pages directory (Thiagi, 1999) which helps people locate and use telephone numbers. Job aids work by improving an individual's…

References

Dwyer, F. & Spaulding, K. (2001). "The effect of time-on-task when using job aids as an instructional strategy." International Journal of Instructional Media, Vol. 28, Issue 4, p. 437

Dwyer, F. & Spaulding, K. (1999). "Effect of job aids in facilitating learners' cognitive development." International Journal of Instructional Media, Vol. 26, Issue 1, p. 87

Rossett, A. (1991). "Job aids in a performance technology world." Performance & Instruction, Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 1-6

Thiagi, S. (1999). "Rapid instructional design." [online]. October 5, 2004, at http://www.thiagi.com/article-rid.html.

Integrating Technology in My High School Social Studies Classroom

The utilization of technology in education has gained a lot of popularity in the recent years. Great enhancements in computer software and hardware in the past decades have been noted and this has resulted to the increase of computer integration in education. The employment of computers in education unlocks a fresh area of knowledge in addition to providing a means which has the capability to change some of the inefficient and traditional educational techniques (Asan, 2003). Currently, the modernization of educational systems on the basis of data and communication technologies is thought of as very essential (ICT), in terms of literacy for the information society (Orhun, 2003, p.1; Acikalin & Duru, 2005).

The environment of the modern schools provides students with plenty of chances to conduct conversations. The students have the chance to debate, converse, tackle issues, and make certain bargains…

References

Acikalin, M. & Duru, E. (2005).The Use Of Computer Technologies In The Social Studies Classroom. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 4 Is. 2 Article 3, ISSN: 1303-6521

Asan, A. (2003). Computer technology awareness by elementary school teachers: A case study from Turkey. Journal of Information Technology Education. Vol. 2, 153-162.

Berson, M.J. (1996). Effectiveness of computer technology in the social studies: A review of the literature. Journal of Research and Computing in Education, 28(4), 486-489.

Cazden, C.B. (1988). Classroom Discourse: The Language of Teaching and Learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

A major goal of learning is facilitation of basic literacy and language skills of difference students, the importance of which stems from a persistent school failure in the United States of students with Hispanic, African-American and American Indian background (Gay, 1994). Multicultural education can ease the tensions by teaching skills in a cross-cultural communication style that emphasizes interpersonal relations, perspective taking, contextual analysis and understanding differing points-of-view and frames of reference (Gay, 1994). Students must learn how their cultural condition may affect values, attitudes and beliefs, as well as preferences, expectations and behaviors (Gay, 1994).

As an experienced administrator working within the U.S. school system, I learned that within U.S. society there also still exists a strong ethnic prejudice as well as "ethnocentric values that are based and driven by cultural beliefs not based on fact; there is in fact a tendency in the U.S. To ascribe attributes and behaviors…

References

Gay, G. (1994). "A synthesis of scholarship in multicultural education." North Central

Regional Educational Laboratory. October 10, 2004, at http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/area/issues/educatrs/leadrship/le0gay.htm

Gorski, P. & Covert, B. (2000). "Defining multicultural education." Multicultural

Pavilion. October 11, 2004,  http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/initial.html

Classroom

Compare and contrast prior impressions of teaching with the reality of your experiences in the classroom.

The moment teachers fresh out of college to get into the class environment, what they might have expected and what they encounter in the class can often be different (Melnick & Meister, 2008). The education profession is often a more complex profession than what many anticipate. Individuals who choose teaching as a profession should review why they did so in the first place if they are to overcome what awaits them. When new teachers enter the classroom, they are usually shocked by the challenges that come with being a teacher in the real world. At times, the reality is much more different than what the teacher anticipated. Beginning teachers often describe their first year in the classroom as a year of survival. Different studies have also backed this argument, labeling the first year…

References

Bluestein, J. (2004). Great Expectations: Good News for Beginning Teachers. Retrieved from Education Oasis: http://www.educationoasis.com/instruction/bt/great_expectations.htm

Carter, V., Orr, B., McGriff, M., Thompson, C., & Sonawane, S. (2014). Critical Incidents in Classroom Management During Student Teaching Internships and Their Effects on the Teaching Profession: Perceptions of Student Teachers in India and the United States. U.S.-China Education Review, 4(4), 209-228.

Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. (Eds.). (2009). Inquiry as Stance: Practitioner Research for the Next Generation. New York: Teachers College Press.

Cole, A. L., & Knowles, J. G. (1993). Shattered Images: Understanding Expectations And Realities. Teachrng & Teacher Educarion, 9(5), 457471.

Fieldwork Paper and Fieldwork Form
The purpose of the fieldwork is to observe the two certified special education teachers and make connections to course content within real world classroom settings. One of the schools where the observation was conducted is P.S. / I.S. 266 whose address is 74-10 Commonwealth Blvd, Jamaica, NY 11426 (P.S. / I.S. 266, 2018). The school, which falls under New York City Public Schools district, is a pre-kindergarten to eighth grade learning institution that was established in September 2003 and has a student population of nearly 700 students. The second school is CLASP, which is located at 80 Grace Avenue, Great Neck NY, 11021 (CLASP Children’s Center, n.d.). This pre-kindergarten setting seeks to provide quality childcare for working parents and has existed for more than 35 years. This paper provides a summary of observations made in each of these schools as part of this fieldwork.
Summary…

The appendixes offer examples of learning tools, from syllabus to handouts and closes with a recommended reading list.

Though the second work in this review is longer by almost 100 pages it is also much simpler in its construct and clearer in intention as a manner to demonstrate the needs of the instructor to change the manner in which he or she constructs the classroom to facilitate learner-centered models that build a higher degree of student learning confidence and therefore success. hile the previous book has a more seminar style work, supported by research and application this second work has a higher degree of personal reading for teachers feel to it. The two together could offer a fantastic culmination of available resources for teachers to access to help build a case for and demonstrate tactics for moving the teacher centered plan to one that better meets the needs of learners.…

Works Cited

McCombs, Barbara L. And Miller, Linda Learner Centered Classroom Practices and Assessments New York: Corwin Press, 2006.

Weimer, Maryellen. Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Teaching. New York: Jossey-Bass, 2002.

global business environment and organizations are vying with each other to obtain a share in this global business market. Innovation and intellectual property protection have become crucial for business success under these increasingly competitive market environments. The fast paced business culture and the changes that Organizations encounter require good leadership skills from the business manager. Today's managers have to be proactive and anticipatory of these change requirements. They have to possess good risk management strategy to be better prepared for unforeseen market changes. A consistent effort at process improvement and a customer centric business focus has made Quality management an integral part of every business. Project management therefore involves 'communication management', 'risk management', 'quality management'. These business concepts, when applied to the classroom environment help the students imbibe these managerial skills and result in significant improvements in their academic performance, stimulate their creative thinking, and their decision-making ability. A brief…

Bibliography

1) Joshua S. Gans & Scott Stern, (2002) 'Managing Ideas: Commercialization Strategies for Biotechnology', Melbourne Business School.

2) HLC, "Great Leadership Quotes," retrieved Dec 4th 2010, from,  http://leadership.uoregon.edu/resources/quotes 

3) Tom Burns & Sandra Sinfield, (2004), "Teaching Learning and Study Skills A guide for Teachers: How to Promote Student Self-Confidence" Sage Publications, retrieved Dec 5th 2010, from,  http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/9781_036609CHAP6.pdf 

4) Q-BPM, 'PDCA cycle', retrieved Dec 4th 2010, from,  http://en.q-bpm.org/mediawiki/index.php/PDCA_Cycle

The constructivist concept requires teachers to seek and value their students' points-of-view; to incorporate classroom activities capable of challenging students' perceptions or interpretations; to introduce relevant ideas; to develop lessons in conjunction with primary concepts and "big" ideas; and to assess student learning in a much more comprehensive manner (i.e. In the overall context of daily teaching) than merely scoring their ability to demonstrate superficial recall of assigned information of questionable relevance (Brooks & Brooks, 1999).

In the constructivist classroom, students work within smaller groups that promote interactive communication, expression and sharing of thoughts processes, and critical evaluation of ideas related to assigned substantive subject matter (Brooks & Brooks, 1999). Within the traditional format, students almost always work in isolation. Teachers using constructivist methods teach interactively and they deliberately involve students in two-way exchanges and expression of ideas and analyses. There is a specific effort of selecting subject matter that…

References

Brooks, J.G. & Brooks, M.G. (1999). In Search of Understanding: The Case for Constructivist Classrooms. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Burton, J., Moore, D., and Magliaro, S. (2004). Behaviorism and Instructional

Technology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ.

Chapter 1: Introduction
The epigraph above is reflective of the views of many special educational needs teachers. Indeed, innovations in technology in recent decades have created a wide array of new opportunities for helping special needs student achieve their full academic potential. These trends are especially noteworthy today because tens of millions of young American learners are struggling with their academic pursuits due to their special educational needs. In this context, the term “special educational needs” can be defined as “children who have learning problems or disabilities that make it harder for them to learn than most children of the same age” (Special education needs, 2018, para. 2). The purpose of this grant proposal was to identify ways that special educational needs students can benefit from the introduction of technology in their classrooms based on the problem statement described below.
Statement of the Problem
According to the most recent estimates…

Differentiated Content: Complexity, Resources, And Environment

Differentiated instruction through complexity relates to providing different levels of difficulty in the material used by to students, based upon their needs and abilities. In teaching a differentiated math class, for students on a very low level, doing drills or exercises that teach them the basic mechanics of doing fractions might be appropriate, for example. Higher-level students might have exercises with more complex problems, and gifted students might engage with word problems or even create their own mathematical problems using the concept. All students are learning about the same subject area, but in a manner which addresses their different levels of ability and levels of preparedness.

As well as different levels of ability, the principles of differentiation also acknowledge that students have different kinds of 'intelligences' through using different resources. Some students learn best kinesthetically while other students learn best visually. For students who…

Teaching in an Adult Learning En Vironment

This study will set out thoughts on teaching class in an adult learning environment. Included will be influential variables including classrooms, teachers, and students. The adult learning environment involves a great diversity of individuals from various backgrounds, racial groups and ethnicity as well as being differentiated by their life experience in terms of career background and academic achievement background. The adult learning environment is likely to have individuals whose first language is other than English and these individuals are in various stages of mastering the English language. In addition, the learning environment will be characterized by individuals whose ages are in a wide range from individuals in their early twenties to individuals who are senior citizens as more baby-boomers will stay in the workforce far past retirement age. Added to this the adult learning environment will be inclusive of individuals who are technology…

Learning how to evaluate information sources has improved the quality of my research in all of my subjects and made me a more critical consumer of the media in my personal life.

Simply being in this class made me more comfortable using the English language and better able to use clear and concise language when writing a paper. I hope that my ability to learn from the classroom environment and the contribution I made to the class as someone still becoming comfortable with the writing process in English will be taken into account. I hope my demonstrated improvement over the course of the semester will enable me to obtain a good grade. Everyone's mastery of the skill and art of writing is always a work…

Technology and the Learner-Centered Learning Environment

One of the primary goals of teachers and educators is ensuring that student learning is successful. The educational system within the United States is constantly being evaluated and re-evaluated to determine what technologies and programs are best suited to enhance student achievement. In modern times technology has become synonymous with progress, change, and advancement and learning. It has become a staple in the lives of every day citizens, in classrooms and in corporations.

Technology can impact the classroom in positive ways by helping educators and teachers in creating a team oriented learning community where participants are encouraged to explore the world by capitalizing on their own unique skills, abilities and interests. Technology can also help educators and teachers assess student's learning capability, learning style and knowledge frame of reference, all critical elements of a learner-centered classroom environment. The ways that technology facilitates the learner-centered…

References:

Brown, D.M. (2003). "Learner-Centered conditions that ensure students' success in learning." Education, 124(1):99

Burns, M. (2002). "From compliance to commitment: Technology as a catalyst for communities of learning." Phi Delta Kappan, 84(4):295

Dare, D.E. (2001). Learner Centered instructional practices supporting the new vocationalism. New Directions in Community Colleges, 115. 81-91.

Duderstadt, J.J. (1999). "New roles for the 21st century university." Issues in Science and Technology, 16(2): 37

Extraversion: How Does Extraversion Effect Classroom Behavior

Working in a participative management environment tends to foster more interaction among team members and requires individuals who have robust social skills and in turn can lead to greater social interactions in a class or other venue that can be a major source of pleasure and happiness for highly extroverted individuals, which, in turn, generates positive moods and ultimately overall happiness (Benoliel, 2010). Anyone who has been in a classroom environment for any sufficient amount of time has undoubtedly noticed that there are many different personalities in most groups that contribute to the classroom discussion in any number of ways.

Some students may be actively following the lectures and discussions, but rarely make a contribution unless they are specifically called upon to do so. Other students may be reserved and quite, but as opposed to following along they may be doing other activities…

References

Benoliel, P. S. (2010). Who benefits from participative management?-+. Journal of Educational Administration, 285-308.

Ylias, G., & Heaven, P. (2003). The influence of distraction on reading comprehension: a Big Five analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 1069-1079.

Joe

Accommodating students with disabilities means enabling the students to participate in normal classroom activities in the least restrictive environment possible: special provisions must be made for the student to compensate for his or her disability in a classroom otherwise populated by the students' peers. In the case of 'Joe,' a wheelchair-bound 12th grade student, there is no cognitive impairment that prevents him from understanding and participating in classroom learning. Although Joe has some physical challenges, these can be met within the traditional classroom with some support. For example, to accommodate Joe's hearing loss, having an assistant interpreter/note-taker; providing written lecture notes; using visual aids; and incorporating learning materials into the online component of the class are relatively minimal additional, assistive techniques that could help Joe -- and even also assist with the learning of other students (Working together PowerPoint, slide 7). Joe's mobility impairment can be accommodated by having…

References

Working together PowerPoint

Reynolds, T., Zupanick, C.E. & Dombeck, M. (2014). The choice of educational settings:

The pros and cons of mainstreaming children with intellectual disabilities. Seven Counties. Retrieved from:  http://sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=10364&cn=208

Employ for Successful Distance Learning

In some ways, distance learning and learning in the traditional classroom rely upon the same basic academic skills and study habits. A quality educator, strong classroom materials, and the background education necessary to understand new materials all contribute to student success. However, the distance learning environment offers unique opportunities and challenges for students. Distance learning removes some of the obstacles to the traditional classroom by allowing students to attend classes when they have the time available, increasing learner flexibility. They also provide students with the opportunity to review material as it is being taught, without delaying other learners in the classroom. However, distance learning also injects four primary challenges for the student: planning, time management, communication and technology use. Fortunately, with proper planning, a student can ensure that these challenges, which have the potential of derailing a distance-learning student, can actually become advantages.

Planning

One…

References

Walden University. (n.d.). Technical tips for learning at Walden. Walden e-Guide. Retrieved Walden University. (n.d.). 10 tips for being a successful online learner. Walden e-Guide.

Retrieved from

Educational Studies

The purpose of the study guide is to help you outline the readings for the unit and to give you a place to note the key points of each section. Each study guide outlines the chapter/reading for you and gives you a space to fill in key points under each heading. You should write a brief paragraph (4-6 sentences) under each sub-heading for the paper (see the "write summary here" area).

When you complete the study guide, submit it through the unit's study guide Dropbox. Remember to write in complete sentences and use your own words. Plagiarism is unacceptable and will result in a zero grade and be reported to the Provost's Plagiarism Database. Each study guide is worth 10 points.

Chapter 5 Emergent Literacy Strategies

Print-Rich Classroom Environments

Designing a Print-Rich Classroom Environment

The Classroom Library Center

The Writing Center

Literacy-Enriched Play Centers

Environmental and Functional Print…

Teachers might also show appreciation for specific traits and characteristics that students bring to the classroom. In the diverse world of learning today, it is a fact of education that most classrooms are integrated social entities that include several cultures. Teachers may show appreciation for these cultures by researching and discussing each representative culture in her class for a number of lessons. This will encourage students to become more tolerant of each other, not only in the classroom, but also in the world at large. This type of appreciation provides a positive alternative for the prejudice that is all too often part of the students' worlds. Appreciation opens up the consciousness to beauty and harmony, which is a very important part of the teaching paradigm.

Finally, a very simple way of showing appreciation is to reward success. Those who perform particularly well in a test might for example be rewarded…

Sources

Fallstrom, B. (2010). Friends, former students show appreciation for W. Keith Adams. Herald-Review, May 25. Retrieved from: http://www.herald-review.com/news/local/article_c32db201-ca06-53d1-bbd5-5ad3b7fb4d33.html

Family Education (2010). Teacher Appreciation Ideas for Elementary-School Students. Retrieved from  http://school.familyeducation.com/page/57490.html 

YourDictionary.com (2010). ESL Classroom and Cultural Sensitivity. Retrieved from:  http://www.yourdictionary.com/esl/ESL_Classroom-and-Cultural_Sensitivity.html

The specific categories include the following:

1) color;

2) smell;

3) texture;

4) temperature; and 5) feelings.

FINDINGS of the STUDY

The following table labeled Figure 1 in this study states the responses given by participants in both groups in this study and as well provides totals and grand totals for both groups which for the purpose of this study are labeled as follows:

Group 1 - Memory Recall Group (Outside Light)

Group 2 - Memory Recall Group (Darkened or Muted Light)

Responses of Participants in Group 1 and Group 2

FIRST GROUP Color Smell Texture Temperature Feelings TOTALS GRAND TOTAL PARTICIPANT

PARTICIPANT

SECOND GROUP Color Smell Texture Temperature Feelings TOTALS GRAND TOTAL PARTICIPANT

PARTICIPANT

It is clear from the findings in this study which specifically show that Group 1 - Memory Recall Group (Outside Light) Participant responses were notably higher in their descriptive content more often describing more specific…

Bibliography

Takao, Ito, Hiroshi, Yamadera, Ritsuko, Ito, and Shunkichi, Endo (1999) Effects of Bright Light on Cognitive Disturbances in Alzheimer-type Dementia. Journal of Nippon Medical School. Vol. 66, No. 4.

Moore, R.: Visual Pathways and the Central Neural Control of Diurnal Rhythms. The Neurosciences 3rd Study Program, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, 1974.

Shealy, Norman: Effects of the Lumatron upon Neurochemicals. Lecture given for Dr. Shealy by Dr. Klinghardt at the 6th Int. Rehab. Med. ass. Congress, Madrid, Spain, 1990

Wurtman, Richard u.a.: The Medical and Biological Effects of Light. in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 453, 1985

STEM and STEAM in the classrooms
Purpose and Major Components
Many countries are currently putting much emphasis on the need to prepare students for higher education and equip them with the necessary skills and knowledge needed in this 21st century. To achieve this goal, learning institutions have adopted the STEAM approach, where they nurture students around the subjects of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math. This has gained popularity with all the players in the education sector, including educators, students, parents and even the US president. STEAM is viewed as a means to create a long-lasting interest in arts and sciences right from an early age. The subjects categorized under STEAM are somewhat similar, in that they all involve creative processes in the investigation of the subject matter. It is very important to teach such skills to students so as to prepare them for innovation in this ever-evolving world. This…

Classroom Management

My classroom management theory is based on a constructivist approach to learning, which implies that there is a mutual responsibility between the learner and the instructor to move forward with the learning experience. My current position is in the First Grade, which at times can make this somewhat challenging. In many ways, First Grade is a segue into a "real" school atmosphere: longer day, more academics, less play, stricter expectations, social growth, challenging social and academic environment and more. Often, the first few months of First Grade are transitions into expected behaviors and a more regimented school day, so classroom management can be challenging at times. Overall, I have been using placement of students (moving desks, etc.), challenging paced lessons and a reward system for good behavior, excellence in teamwork, assignments, etc. By in large, this has been quite effective for this level of student, most of whom…

REFERENCES

Sutton-Smith, B. (1997). The Ambiguity of Play. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

The National Institute for Play. (2011). Play Science -- The Patterns of Play. Retrieved from: http://www.nifplay.org/states_play.html

Rimm-Kaufman, S., et al. (2009). The Contribution of Children's Self-Regulation and Classroom Quality to Children's Adaptive Behaviors. Journal of Developmental Psychology. 45 (4), 958-72.

Schneider, M. (2003). Linking School Conditions to Teacher Satisfaction. Retrieved from:  http://www.edfacilities.org/pubs/teachersurvey.pdf

Inclusive Environment in the Classroom

As the country continues to diversify, our schools are challenged with more than teaching. It is their role to create an environment that fosters learning, respect, problem solving, and instill confidence.

Like the effects of bullying, an individual's race and religion can attribute to how they are treated in society. Bullying has escalated in the United States, due in part to cyber bulling. Statistics show that about 77% of students today claim that they have experienced some type of bullying. This increase has created an alert in the classroom that affects teaching and a student's ability to learn.

In that the world is a melting-pot and immigration has expanded in the United States, incorporating teaching methods that include a fair and equal education is important. esearch claims that, traditional teaching methods are seldom successful for students outside of the majority culture. It is noted that…

References

Bullying Statistics (Anonymous, 2009).

Harris, Ray, Miske, Shirley and Attig, George. (2007, May). Embracing Diversity: Toolkit for Creating Inclusive Learning-Friendly Environments, Retrieved March 23, 2011 from Ebscohost database.

Miller, Regina and Pedro, Joan. (2006, April). Creating Respectful Childhood Environments. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(5), p 293-299. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from Ebscohost database.

University of Virginia. (Ed.). (2003). Teaching a Diverse Student Body: Practical Strategies for Enhancing our Students' Learning. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from University of Virginia Publications Web site:  http://trc.virginia.edu/Publications/Diversity/I_Create_Classroom_Environment.htm

The proposed classroom management technique seeks to foster democracy because a culture of responsibility and freedom is promoted in the learning environment. As a teacher, I have comfortably adapted to using this model because it gives my students equal opportunities of interacting and responding to classroom issues. In the end, I can satisfy the needs of the majority. Since the environment is safe, their constitutional rights are guaranteed and rules applied are fair to all students. In such a classroom, all students are given equal opportunities especially in the formulation of programs and policies. Moreover, all students will be involved in the decision-making process because no discrimination exists in such a learning environment. Therefore, the learning environment fosters sharing among students especially in the maintenance of discipline, control and even the promotion of meaningful learning process (Dreikurs, Grunwald, & Pepper, 2013).

In the current classroom, I ensure that all students…

Welcome to your new classroom, everyone place their backpacks and jackets on the hooks with your nametags and take a seat at a desk. Each of you will take all the materials you need from your backpack before you sit down, but today you don't need anything but a smile. You can sit where you like because we are all going to work together to rearrange the classroom and mark the desks with these nametags I made for you. If you will notice the nametags are just plain white but you will have time in a few minutes to decorate your nametag and make it look more like yourself, with the supplies you see on the desks. There are a few things I will talk about while we decorate nametags." (Pass out nametags to students one at a time) "First, hold up your hand if you are new to the…

References

Cabral, E. (2007). A Scary First Day. (cover story). Scholastic News -- Edition 5/6, 76(3), 4.

Listening Checkpoint: Who Is the Safety Helper?. (2010). Scholastic News -- Edition 1, 67(1), 14.

McNamara, P. (2008). Kiss shy goodbye!. Girls' Life, 14(7), 42.

Phillips-Hershey, E. (2003). The Fight's OFF!. Appleseeds, 6(1), 2.

Behavioral Principles in the Classroom

Some of the most effective techniques and principles to shape and promote positive behaviors in the classroom come from behavioral psychology. Teachers can implement techniques based on behavioral modification techniques in their classrooms by first setting strict rules that are simple, concrete, and straightforward and then by enforcing these rules in a consistent manner (O'Donnell, eeve & Smith, 2007). The general principles of behaviorism suggest that behaviors that are reinforced have a higher probability of being repeated, whereas behaviors that are not reinforced or punished are associated with a higher probability of NOT being repeated (Ulman, 1998). Therefore, the first step in applying behavioral principles to the classroom is to set and apply a specific set of rules or goals that need to be followed or reached.

ules regarding appropriate class behaviors should be clear-cut and set at the beginning of the school year (O'Donnell…

References

McCann, T.M., Johannessen, L.R., Kahn, E. & Flanagan, J. (2006). Talking in class.

IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

O'Donnell, A.M., Reeve, J., & Smith, J.K. (2007). Educational psychology: Reflection for action. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Premack, D. (1965). Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine (ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. (Vol. 13). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

(Comer, 2005, p. 358). Another student is selected to play the role of patient and will receive a script detailing what they will tell the nurse and the appropriate responses to a list of questions a nurse would ask. The remaining students in the class serve as a resource and may offer suggestions when asked by the four participants or when prompted by the instructor.

To prepare myself for the integration of role-playing simulations in a nursing education context, I would familiarize myself with patient role-playing scripts for a number of common treatment scenarios. This is important for when a student misdiagnoses a patient because the instructor is responsible for directing a patient response from the script in order to clue the student as to the missed symptom.

Next, I would tailor my lectures to prepare students for the patient care simulations. Many students who fail the simulations note that…

Bibliography

Comer, S.K. (2005). PATIENT CARE SIMULATIONS: Role Playing to Enhance Clinical Understanding. Nursing Education Perspectives, 26(6), 357-361.

Punishment should be equal, and no favoritism is employed. ules enable a teacher to maintain control of the classroom. Maintaining a good classroom behavior is easier than trying to correct inappropriate behavior. Students who have established inappropriate behavior will resist any changes that a teacher attempts in order to correct their behavior. Therefore, it is better for a teacher to maintain order and discipline for the classroom at all times. Establishing clear guidelines and rules, which have consequences if broken will ensure that students maintain good behavior. Parental influence is vital in maintaining discipline of the students. Parents will be kept in the know of their children behavior, and they can also administer disciplinary measures at home.

Students should also be made to understand that disciplinary measures are undertaken to teach them and prepare them for the future. Good student behavior is vital as it protects other students and ensures…

References

Evertson, C.M., & Weinstein, C.S. (2006). Handbook of Classroom Management: Research, Practice, and Contemporary Issues. Florence, Kentucky: LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC Incorporated.

Mehra, R. (2004). Classroom Management. Manhattan, New York: Pinnacle Technology.

Shaw, R. (2008). Philosophy in the Classroom: Improving Your Pupils' Thinking Skills and Motivating Them to Learn. Florence, Kentucky: ROUTLEDGE CHAPMAN & HALL.

Another factor that impacts the level of community resources offered is that many of the schools do not offer intramural activities for elementary school students. Participation in these group activities are most often children from middle to middle upper class families; due in part to cost and accessibility.

Those representing the lower socioeconomic strata tend to take greater advantage of the social services available within the community. Social services purported to be available including both state funded and privately funded organizations that offer basic services including food, clothing and shelter, as well as public welfare such as Temporary Assistance to Need Families, Social Security benefits, Medicaid and Medicare. The Department of Family and Children Services is a large provided of social services and serves as the gatekeeper to many of the private agencies that offer foster care, domestic violence counseling services, child welfare services, as well as many levels of…

Bibliography

Burt, J., Ortlieb, E., & Cheek, E. (2009). An investigation of the impact of racially diverse teachers on the reading skills of fourth-grade students in a one race school. Reading Improvement, 46(1), 35-45.

Keengwe, J. (2010). Fostering cross cultural competence in preservice teachers through

Multicultural education experiences. Early Childhood Education Journal, 38(3),

197-204.

Another important aspect of observational learning is retention. For effective classroom management to take place it is important the students understand and retain the few classroom management rules that will be set out in the beginning of the year.

aise hand to speak

Treat others with respect

If you don't know then please ask

The retention factor with regard to classroom management will be reinforced each time the students witness another student having to suit out for five minutes of recess because they failed to respond appropriately to the clapping signal for attention. In addition we will have a weekly short discussion about classroom rules and why they are important and how the students can help themselves and each other to remember what they are.

The production step in the path to observational learning with regard to effective classroom management will be easily found in the response of the class…

References

Horner, Sherri L (2001) the EFFECTS of OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING on PRESCHOOLERS' BOOK-RELATED BEHAVIORS and ALPHABET KNOWLEDGE.(Statistical Data Included) Child Study Journal

Houseal, Ana (2003) Self-efficacy, standards, and benchmarks as factors in teaching elementary school science. Journal of Elementary Science Education

Newman, Jean (1999) in the Trenches: Increasing Competency of Teachers-in Training by Having Them Conduct Individualized Interventions.

Journal of Instructional Psychology

epeat and rephrase is a technique that benefits not only students with little or few English speaking ability, but also students with English as their primary language. epetition is a learning tool that allows students to memorize information and then translate it into a context that is understandable and applicable to their social and educational environment.

Lastly, music is a universal form of expression. Many researchers have emphasized music's ability to enhance student learning. Some believe the music of certain composers including Mozart stimulate centers of the brain known to promote greater learning. The reasons for this are not certain, but music is tool-integrated classrooms can use to boost self-esteem among students and encourage students to interact with each other and share with each other by sharing their own cultural heritage.

The English language is something often learned through rhymes and riddles, in traditional classrooms, as well as in integrated…

References

Colvin, G. (2002). "Designing classroom organization and structure." in, K.L. Lane, F.M.

Gresham, & T.E. O'Shaughnessy (Eds.), Interventions for children with or at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders, pp.159-174, Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Givner, G.C., Lane, K.L. & Pierson, M.R. (2003). Teacher expectations of student behavior: Which skills do elementary and secondary teachers deem necessary for success in the classroom? Education & Treatment of Children, 26(4):413.

Hall, K., Marchenkova, L., & Vitanova, G. (2004). Dialogue with Bakhtin on second and foreign language learning: new perspectives. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

The article suggests that the teacher looks at the classroom through the eyes of an ADHD student, rather than through his or her own eyes, and monitors the environment with an eye upon the types of distractions that can overwhelm the consciousness of an ADHD child. It also stresses the need for the teacher to remain constantly upon his or her 'toes' and look for potential pitfalls to the child's success, such as overly chatty neighbors. Children who discourage rather than reinforce the ADHD behaviors should surround the most distractible students in the classroom.

Keeping the room at an appropriate temperature will facilitate learning for all students, as well discouraging the use of 'toys' from home. However, while these suggestions may be valuable, it could be argued that a 'dull' and unstimulating environment could actually make it more, rather than less difficult for the child to concentrate, given the inability…

Reference

"Setting up your classroom to help ADHD children." ADHD in school.

Retrieved November 7, 2010 at "Setting up your classroom to help ADHD children"

The Vietnam War was a turning point in the Army's growing realization that senior military leaders, and not just political leaders, had a responsibility to be able to speak to soldiers, to the American people, and to the press about ethical issues.

The Professionalism Study of 1970, examined institutional systems and requirements for success in the Army, attitudes and values of senior officers, and tasks for the 1970s. One of the striking conclusions of the first study was that the Army contained "untoward and unhealthy pressures to strive for success" on the part of officers. Systems that regulated the selection, education, promotion, and reward of Army officers were in need of major correction.

It was clear that the Army needed to evaluate its concepts of values and ethics.

During the decades of the 1970s and 1980s senior commanders in all the services began to exert their influence on the direction…

Bibliography

Angelo, T.A., & Cross, K.P. (1993). Classroom assessment techniques: A handbook for college teachers (2nd edition). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Carter, D. & Wilson, R. (1995). Thirteenth annual status report on minorities in higher education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

Farris, P. (1996). Teaching, Bearing the Torch. Madison, WI: Brown and Benchmark

Publishers.

Assistive Technology

The "least restrictive environment" clause of the IDEA requires the student be placed in a standard learning environment whenever it is practical (Beard, Carpenter, & Johnston, 2011).

Technology allows students who have visual impairments to be able to admission to the general curriculum, to increase their options towards literacy, and to improve communication. There are a variety of assistive technology tools that are designed for students with visual impairments, but most require specialized instruction. Depending on the level of the child's visual level of impairment such devices include range from electronic Braille note takers to video magnifiers to screen reader software to auditory conversion devices.

eading and writing are the fundamental tools that young students learn in the early grades and assistive devices for Emily should concentrate on developing these skills. Students with impaired vision that are not blind may benefit from changes in the size of print…

References

Beard, L.A., Carpenter, L.B., & Johnston, L.B. (2011). Assistive technology: Access for all students (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Clark, R. (1983). Reconsidering research on learning from media. Review of Educational Research, 53(4), 445 -- 459.

Cramer, M., Hirano, S.H., Tentori, M., Yeganyan, M.T., & Hayes G.R. (2011). Classroom- based assistive technology: Collective use of interactive visual schedules by students with autism. Proceedings of the CHI 2011, 1-10.

Hasselbring, T.S., & Bausch, M.E. (2006). Learning in a digital age: Assistive technologies for reading. Educational Leadership, 63(4), 72-75.

Journal Entry 1

Discourse on classroom management has shifted away from a disciplinarian and authoritarian model towards one more steeped in developmental psychology, social justice, and compassion. Within a new educational paradigm, teachers can provide structure in the classroom without expecting “conformity” or “obedience” per se (Jones, Jones & Vermette, 2013, p. 21). Teachers working within a classroom management paradigm that emphasizes trust and relationship building create far more effective educational environments.

Still, teachers do need to be armed with information and specific strategies. Some of the strategies recommended including improved awareness of non-verbal communication cues and a systematic means of redirecting and reframing problematic behavior (Jones, Jones & Vermette, 2013). Effective classroom management requires sensitivity to issues like cultural diversity and other contextual variables, too. The authoritarian approach does not work with adolescent students, especially, requiring teachers to develop a flexible and creative approach to problem solving in the…

harsh realities of the human condition is the fact that everyone, including students and teachers, has stereotypical views about other people that influence the manner in which they think and behave. When stereotypes are introduced into the classroom, though, they can adversely affect the environment in ways that detract from the learning experience for all students. Besides traditional gender-based stereotypes, the increasingly multicultural nature of American society has created a wide range of new stereotypes in the classroom today. To determine what can be done, this paper provides a description of different approaches that teachers can use to eliminate stereotypes from their classrooms. A summary of the research and important findings concerning stereotypes in the classroom are provided in the conclusion.

eview and Discussion

Impact of Stereotypes on Learning

Beginning in the early 1990s, social psychologists first identified the cognitive processes that activated various negative stereotypes in the minds of…

References

Berman, N. & White, A. (2013, December 1). Refusing the stereotype. Youth Studies Australia,

32(4), 38-49.

Billings-Harris, L. (2014). The diversity advantage: Enhancing inclusion in the classroom.

Teachers of Color. Retrieved from  http://www.teachersofcolor.com/2009/11/the-diversity-advantage-enhancing-inclusion-in-the-classroom/ .