In fact these moderate quit rates are substantially higher than health care interventions (Salize et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009). Psychological interventions such as support groups, counseling sessions, and guided quit plans have been proven most effective when coupled with pharmacological interventions (Huang, 2005). Cessation programs need to be interactive and engage the participant in the treatment process as well as identifying individual characteristics that have led to the

Predictors of the Transition From Experimental to Daily Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States By reviewing the methodology and analysis sections of the study, I discovered that the quantitative method used was a complex sampling design with restricted-use data. The authors of the study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health as their focus, so they had the opportunity to study a large amount of data without

All these variables are viewed to have a direct effect on the student as an individual thus are important to consider. School-level variables There are variables that will be considered at school-level and these will be generated from the responses or data collected from the individual variables. The first variable in this case is the prevalence of rules or policy banning smoking in schools and this will be deduced from the

Lesbian Health Care Lesbian Health Issues in a Heterosexual Society The additional burdens placed on the lives of minorities as a result of social exclusion can lead to health disparities. Social exclusion theory has been used in previous research to investigate the health disparities that exist between socioeconomic classes and individuals of different ethnic backgrounds living in the United States, but it has not yet been applied to another important minority group:

It is not always easy to keep childcare arrangements running smoothly and problems may arise from time to time. . In addition to these stresses, familial stresses might occur. For instance, Grandparents and parents may have different views about raising children. Parents' expectations of grandparents may exceed their resources. Grandchildren may not always obey or comply with grandparents' rules. Grandparents may not like the role of strict disciplinarian when discipline

Reducing Substance Abuse Among College Freshman Nursing Motivational Interviewing as an Intervention for Substance Abuse Problems among College Freshman Motivational Interviewing as an Intervention for Substance Abuse Problems among College Freshman Kazemi and colleagues (2013) were interested in understanding whether a behavioral intervention would reduce the prevalence of substance abuse among college freshman in the United States. The independent variable was motivational peer-counseling sessions (motivational interviews) about the risks of alcohol abuse and illicit