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¶ … Predictors of the Transition From Experimental to Daily Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States" the authors sought to identify certain factors that influence the transition to daily smoking by American adolescents. They used Problem Behavior Theory (PBT), demographics, and non-theory-related factors as various characteristics that can predict an adolescent's transition from experimental smoking to daily. Problem Related Theory (PBT) is a theoretical framework that is used to identify certain problem behavior prevalent in adolescents which correlate to undesirable social behavior. (Jessor, 1991, p.52) The data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (ADD) collected by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Quantitative Design
Because the authors were attempting to determine the different factors involved in the transition from experimental to daily smoking, the study can be considered to be a predictive correlational design. Experimental smoking after one year was the criterion variable while daily smoking was the predictor variable and the study was designed to determine the factors involved in the transition from one to the other.
II....
Steps of Quantitative Analysis
The gathering of the information used in the study came from a 45 minute questionnaire and two in-person interviews. The questionnaires were completed by some 90,000 students and the ones chosen for interviews were those who had admitted to being experimental smokers, or those who had tried smoking but had not yet reached the daily definition of smoking at least one cigarette a day for thirty days. Of those who were admitted experimental smokers some 4,903 were chosen as a baseline and interviewed at home about factors related to smoking. One year later those experimental smokers were re-interviewed to determine the number who had transitioned to daily smokers as well as the factors involved. (Park, 2009, p.104) The data collected was then analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine influential predictors that affect the transition from experimental smoking to daily smoking.
III. Level of Significance Concept
This study makes great use of statistics as the means of predicting future smoking behavior among adolescents and in doing so involves the concept of level of significance. As a concept the level of significance is the probability that something is most…
References
Park, Sunhee, Weaver, Terri, and Daniel Romer. (2009). "Predictors of the Transition
From Experimental to Daily Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States"
Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 14 (2). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2009.00183.x/full
Jessor, Richard, Donovan, John, and Frances Costa. (1991). "Adolescent Health Behavior
Theory." Health Psychology 10(1). Retrieved from http://www.colorado.edu/ibs/jessor/pubs/1991_Donovan_Jessor_Costa_HP_
In fact these moderate quit rates are substantially higher than health care interventions (Salize et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009). Psychological interventions such as support groups, counseling sessions, and guided quit plans have been proven most effective when coupled with pharmacological interventions (Huang, 2005). Cessation programs need to be interactive and engage the participant in the treatment process as well as identifying individual characteristics that have led to the
Predictors of the Transition From Experimental to Daily Smoking Among Adolescents in the United States By reviewing the methodology and analysis sections of the study, I discovered that the quantitative method used was a complex sampling design with restricted-use data. The authors of the study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health as their focus, so they had the opportunity to study a large amount of data without
The key years during which experimentation occurs - between 13 and 16. Kobus discusses influences that launch an adolescent's smoking habit from several perspectives. First, the "social learning theory": relationships that are "more intimate" and that are developed "earlier in the youth's experiences" and thought to be more important; and youths are more likely to "imitate the smoking habits" (or non-smoking habits) of those with whom they have the closes
All these variables are viewed to have a direct effect on the student as an individual thus are important to consider. School-level variables There are variables that will be considered at school-level and these will be generated from the responses or data collected from the individual variables. The first variable in this case is the prevalence of rules or policy banning smoking in schools and this will be deduced from the
These factors were used to develop the Emotional Intelligence portion of the study. The study encompassed all four of these skill areas, placing equal weight on all four factors. Assumptions and Limitations As with any survey-based study, there are several assumptions and limiting factors that may effect the results obtained. Self-reporting surveys can be criticized for their inability to measure the honesty of the test subject. It is assumed that the test
E. managerial, social, political, economic benefits are linked to the study's results) the proposed helpful outcomes are realistic (i.e. dealing with questions that can actually be answered through the type of data gathering and analysis you're proposing. The suggested helpful outcomes do not go beyond the data that's to be collected). The increase in teen smoking may be abating, or may be taking a pause before it continues the climb seen