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3. Third world countries are more likely to rely more heavily upon excise taxes on gasoline, tobacco, and alcohol because those are products that sell very well around the world. These are also products that are in a number of cases, particularly tobacco, that are cheaper than essential items such as water or food. Taxes on tobacco help poor countries who would rely on the taxes more wealthy and more reliant upon tobacco.
4. People in lower and middle income countries are more likely to react to taxation on tobacco because for the consumers of that product in those countries, they will have less income for food and shelter for example. People in wealthier countries can afford the increase; they may hardly notice the increase and if it bothers them on principle, for example, they can afford other...
Whether or not a government uses consumptive taxes or income taxes reveals what kind of government it is. A consumptive government would be ideally concerned with balancing the economic landscape of a specific country. Consumptive taxes would go towards redistributing a significant portion of a country's wealth across the whole country, and not just within the wealthiest communities.
References:
Berlinger, Joshua. "Why Smokers Shouldn't be Scared of the WHO's Global Recommendations for Cigarette Taxes." Business Insider, Web, Available from: http://www.businessinsider.com/who-global-cigarette-tax-2012-9, 2012. 2013 May 13.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Wealth Health Organization Calls for Higher Taxes on Tobacco." The New York Times, Web, Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/28/world/world-health-organization-calls-for-higher-taxes-on-tobacco.html, 2002. 2013 May 13.
Economics Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) is the rate that an individual is ready to give up from "good A" to obtain one or more unit of "good B" while keeping the overall utility constant. In other words, MRS reveals how many units of good x that an individual is ready to give up to gain extra unit of good y while keeping the same level of utility constant. The MRS
Already, "lawmakers in at least three states are considering joining the 13 states that have legalized pot for medical purposes. Massachusetts voters last fall decided to decriminalize possession of an ounce or less of pot; there are now a dozen states that have taken such steps." (Crary, 1) And as demonstrated by the Appendix B contained below, there is a clear penetration of legalization in every region of the U.S.,
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